How to say "useless" in Japanese

Choosing the right word
  • だめJLPT N4approx.Common
    na-adjective, nounThe broadest way to say it: something is no good, not serving its purpose, or broken. Fits machines, plans, or attempts that fail, and also works as a plain exclamation that something won't do.
    去年きょねんはジョギングシューズを2足そく駄目だめにした。↗
    I wore out two pairs of jogging shoes last year.
  • 無用むようJLPT N1approx.Common
    na-adjective, nounIt can mean 'useless; futile', but in many contexts it means 'unnecessary; not needed' instead, so it is often not the word you want for 'useless'. Weigh the sense before choosing it.
    電気でんきのために、ろうそくは我々われわれの生活せいかつにほとんど無用むようになった。↗
    Electricity made candles of little use in our life.
  • 無益むえきCommon
    na-adjective, no-adjectiveUseless in the 'futile, vain' sense: efforts, struggles, or actions that bring no benefit or profit. Often the closest English is 'futile' or 'in vain' rather than 'useless'.
    自分じぶんが生いきている世界せかいとの共感きょうかんがなければ、作家さっかであることは無益むえきである。↗
    It is no use being a writer if one is not in sympathy with the world in which one is living.
  • 役立たずやくたたずCommon
    no-adjectiveA person or thing that fails to serve its role: a useless worker, tool, or machine. Applied to people it is a blunt insult, close to calling someone good-for-nothing.
  • 役に立たないやくにたたないCommon
    expression, i-adjectiveThe plain negative of 'to be useful': something or someone is of no use and doesn't help. The neutral, all-purpose way to say 'useless' of tools, advice, people, or efforts.
    彼かれの意見いけんはいつも役やくに立たたない。↗
    His opinion is always of no use.

Use 「だめ」 for the broad 'no good, broken' sense, 「役に立たない」 as the neutral 'of no use' phrase, 「役立たず」 for a useless person or thing, and 無益 for futile efforts, while 無用 often means 'unnecessary' rather than 'useless'.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese equivalents
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JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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