不自由|ふじゆうfujiyuu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N3approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, na-adjective, suru verb, intransitive verbdiscomfort; inconvenience
    大変たいへんご不自由ふじゆうをおかけして申し訳もうしわけございません。↗
    I'm sorry to have caused you such inconvenience.
  2. noun, na-adjective, suru verb, intransitive verbpoverty; want; destitution; lack
    彼かれらは何なん一ひとつ不自由ふじゆうなものはなかった。↗
    They lacked for nothing.
  3. noun, na-adjectiveinability; disability; impairment (physical, mental, etc.); nonfluency (in a language)
    耳みみの不自由ふじゆうな人ひとは手話しゅわで会話かいわが出できる。↗
    Deaf people can talk in sign language.
Conjugation
Dictionary form不自由する(ふじゆうする)
Polite (masu)不自由します(ふじゆうします)
Negative (nai)不自由しない(ふじゆうしない)
polite (masen)不自由しません(ふじゆうしません)
classical zu / nu不自由せず・不自由せぬ(ふじゆうせず・ふじゆうせぬ)
Past (ta)不自由した(ふじゆうした)
polite (mashita)不自由しました(ふじゆうしました)
Past negative (nakatta)不自由しなかった(ふじゆうしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)不自由しませんでした(ふじゆうしませんでした)
Te form不自由して(ふじゆうして)
Potential不自由できる(ふじゆうできる)
Passive不自由される(ふじゆうされる)
Causative不自由させる(ふじゆうさせる)
Causative passive不自由させられる(ふじゆうさせられる)
Conditional (ba)不自由すれば(ふじゆうすれば)
tara不自由したら(ふじゆうしたら)
Volitional不自由しよう(ふじゆうしよう)
polite (mashou)不自由しましょう(ふじゆうしましょう)
Imperative不自由しろ(ふじゆうしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym不便ふべんNeutralInconvenience in your surroundings or with tools and facilities; 「不自由」 is about restricted movement or daily life, not an awkward environment.
  • Synonym不都合ふつごうNeutralA situation that is unsuitable or problematic, or behavior that is improper; 「不自由」 means being restricted or lacking what you need.
  • Related厄介やっかいNeutralTroublesome and hard to deal with, and can also mean being looked after by someone; 「不自由」 is about limited circumstances, not thorny problems.
  • Related差し支えさしつかえNeutralA hindrance, mostly in set phrases like 「差し支えない」 or 「生活に差し支える」; 「不自由」 describes your own restricted state or mobility.
  • Related迷惑めいわくNeutralTrouble caused to others, or bother you receive (「迷惑する」); the focus is on other people, while 「不自由」 is about your own limited circumstances.
  • Related支障ししょうWrittenWritten/formal prose for something obstructing progress, as in 「生活に支障が出る」; 「不自由」 concerns the person, not the progress of affairs.
  • Related差し障りさしさわりNeutralHindrance to affairs or to others, often in polite euphemisms; 「不自由」 speaks of your own restriction, not effects on others.
  • Related障りさわりNeutralA hindrance or a physical ailment, as in 「障りがある」 or 「体に障る」; somewhat old-fashioned, unlike everyday 「不自由」.
  • Antonym自由じゆうNeutralThe direct opposite: being unrestricted and free to do as you please, where 「不自由」 says you cannot.

Use 「不自由」 for restricted movement, daily life or a physical impairment, as in 「目が不自由」. For an inconvenient environment or tools, say 「不便」; for trouble you cause or receive from others, 「迷惑」; for something obstructing how things go, 「支障」. The rest cover specific hindrances or awkward situations rather than a restricted life.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 思おもう通とおりにならないこと。また、そのさま。
  2. 経済けいざい事情じじょうや家計かけいが苦くるしいこと。金銭きんせんが思おもうように使つかえないこと。そのさま。
  3. 手足てあしなど体からだの一部分いちぶぶんが思おもうように動うごかないこと。そのさま
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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