交える・混える・雑える|まじえるmajieru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Which spelling to use
交えるFor beginners, 交える(まじえる) is the recommended choice and the most common written form.
混える混える(まじえる) is a less common written variant of 交える(まじえる) with an irregular kanji spelling; beginners should generally use 交える(まじえる) instead.
雑える雑える(まじえる) is a less common written variant of 交える(まじえる) with an irregular kanji spelling; beginners should generally use 交える(まじえる) instead.
Definitions
  1. ichidan verb, transitive verbto mix; to combine; to include
    その詩しは韻文いんぶんに散文さんぶんをまじえている。↗
    That poem mixes prose with poetry.
  2. ichidan verb, transitive verbto exchange (words, fire, etc.)
  3. ichidan verb, transitive verbto cross (e.g. swords); to join together
Conjugation
Dictionary form交える(まじえる)
Polite (masu)交えます(まじえます)
Negative (nai)交えない(まじえない)
polite (masen)交えません(まじえません)
classical zu / nu交えず・交えぬ(まじえず・まじえぬ)
Past (ta)交えた(まじえた)
polite (mashita)交えました(まじえました)
Past negative (nakatta)交えなかった(まじえなかった)
polite (masen deshita)交えませんでした(まじえませんでした)
Te form交えて(まじえて)
Potential交えられる(まじえられる)
Passive交えられる(まじえられる)
Causative交えさせる(まじえさせる)
Causative passive交えさせられる(まじえさせられる)
Conditional (ba)交えれば(まじえれば)
tara交えたら(まじえたら)
Volitional交えよう(まじえよう)
polite (mashou)交えましょう(まじえましょう)
Imperative交えろ(まじえろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
transitive交えるまじえる⇄intransitive交わるまじわる
道みちが交まじわる
言葉ことばを交まじえる
交わる describes things coming together or intersecting on their own (道が交わる), while 交える describes a deliberate act of mixing or exchanging something (言葉を交える).

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym混ぜるまぜるNeutralThe everyday word for stirring or mixing in, mostly concrete things; 「交える」 is more written and also covers adding people or elements and exchanging words or fire.
  • Synonym混ぜ合わすまぜあわすNeutralSynonymous with 「混ぜ合わせる」: blends several things evenly; it cannot be used for exchanging words or fighting as 「交える」 can.
  • Synonym交わすかわすNeutralClose in the exchange and crossing senses: 「交わす」 suits greetings, glances and promises, and also intersecting; 「交える」 suits combat and exchanging opinions.
  • Synonym混ぜ合わせるまぜあわせるNeutralMixes different things thoroughly until even, mainly in cooking, seasonings and the like; 「交える」 focuses on working an element in, not on blending evenly.
  • Related入り混じるいりまじるNeutralIntransitive, for many different things jumbled together, as with feelings or crowds; 「交える」 actively works something in and is transitive.
  • Related混ざるまざるNeutralIntransitive: something gets mixed into something else; 「交える」 is transitive, deliberately adding in materials, people, opinions or personal feelings.
  • RelatedミックスCasualA loanword, mostly for concrete things like drinks, music or mixes, and colloquial; 「交える」 is more written and also serves for exchanging words or combat.
  • Related混合こんごうWrittenA Sino-Japanese noun, mostly in formal technical, chemical or mixed-gender contexts; 「交える」 is a native verb that also covers exchanging words or crossing swords.
  • RelatedブレンドCasualA loanword for blending coffee, tea or liquor in set proportions, with the ratio in focus; 「交える」 stresses adding an element in and also covers exchanging words.
  • Related混じり合うまじりあうNeutralIntransitive: several things blend into one another; 「交える」 is transitive, its subject being someone who actively adds an element in.
  • Related混ざり合うまざりあうNeutralIntransitive, stressing mixing until things become indistinguishable, often liquids or colors; 「交える」 is a transitive verb for deliberately adding something in.
  • Related取り混ぜるとりまぜるWrittenWritten style: puts different kinds together, as in 「大小取り混ぜて」; close to 「交える」 in its adding-in sense, but not used for exchange or combat.
  • Related混ずるこんずるWrittenA literary form of 「混じる」 meaning to mix in, seen in old-fashioned written prose; in daily use 「混じる」 or 「混ぜる」 is enough.
  • Related混じるこんじるWrittenA rare reading meaning to be mixed in or blended with; everyday speech says 「まじる」 or 「混ぜる」, and it cannot express exchange as 「交える」 does.
  • Antonym分けるわけるNeutralThe antonym where 「交える」 combines: it divides a whole, sorts it into categories or distributes shares.

For everyday stirring and mixing in, use 「混ぜる」; for things blending together naturally, 「混ざる」 or 「混じり合う」. Turn to the written-style 「交える」 when you add in a material or element, exchange words or cross swords, as in 「意見を交える」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 中なかに一緒いっしょに加くわえる。
  2. 交差こうささせる。
  3. やり取とりする。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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