作用|さようsayou[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbaction; operation; process; agency; effect; function
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 作用する(さようする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 作用します(さようします) |
| Negative (nai) | 作用しない(さようしない) |
| polite (masen) | 作用しません(さようしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 作用せず・作用せぬ(さようせず・さようせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 作用した(さようした) |
| polite (mashita) | 作用しました(さようしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 作用しなかった(さようしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 作用しませんでした(さようしませんでした) |
| Te form | 作用して(さようして) |
| Potential | 作用できる(さようできる) |
| Passive | 作用される(さようされる) |
| Causative | 作用させる(さようさせる) |
| Causative passive | 作用させられる(さようさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 作用すれば(さようすれば) |
| tara | 作用したら(さようしたら) |
| Volitional | 作用しよう(さようしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 作用しましょう(さようしましょう) |
| Imperative | 作用しろ(さようしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym影響えいきょうNeutralInfluence, direct or indirect — the broadest term here. 「作用」 centers on the process and force of one thing acting on another.
- Synonym働きかけるはたらきかけるNeutralTo actively work on someone — lobby, appeal to, or pressure them. 「作用」 describes an objective mechanism at work, not deliberate persuasion.
- Synonym効くきくNeutralColloquial: for a medicine to take effect or work. 「作用」 leans toward scientific mechanisms.
- Synonym機能きのうNeutralFunction — what something, or a part of it, can do. 「作用」 concerns how something acts on other things.
- Synonym効果こうかNeutralEffect — the result produced, often a desirable one. 「作用」 points to the process of acting rather than the outcome.
- Synonym働きはたらきNeutralWork, labor, or the function and performance of something. 「作用」 is specifically the effect produced on something else.
- Synonym差し響くさしひびくWrittenWritten/formal: for an influence to spread and affect something. 「作用」 stresses the acting itself.
- Related響くひびくNeutralTo resound or echo; figuratively, for an effect to spread or hit home, as in 「体に響く」. 「作用」 is general acting on something.
- Related障るさわるNeutralTo harm or hinder, as in 「体に障る」. 「作用」 itself is neutral — it does not say whether the effect is good or bad.
- Related左右さゆうNeutralTo sway or determine an outcome. 「作用」 focuses on the mechanism by which something acts.
- Related動かすうごかすNeutralTo move something physically, or to move someone's heart. 「作用」 is about the effect exerted on another thing.
- Antonym反作用はんさようWrittenWritten/formal: reaction — the force opposing an action, as in 「作用と反作用」; the direct counterpart of 「作用」.
- Antonym無作用WrittenWritten/formal: no action, no effect — the direct opposite of 「作用」.
Use 「作用」 for something acting on or affecting something else, as in 「副作用」 or 「心理的な作用」. For influence say 「影響」, for function 「機能」, for effect 「効果」, and for a drug taking effect 「効く」. The opposite is 「反作用」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


