及ぼす|およぼすoyobosu[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N3approx.Common
Definitions
  1. godan verb, transitive verbto exert (influence); to exercise; to cause (e.g. damage); to do (e.g. harm); to bring about (e.g. benefits); to extend; to have an effect (on)
    あなたに被害ひがいを及およぼそうなどとは夢ゆめにも思おもいませんでした。↗
    Little did I dream of doing you any harm.
Conjugation
Dictionary form及ぼす(およぼす)
Polite (masu)及ぼします(およぼします)
Negative (nai)及ぼさない(およぼさない)
polite (masen)及ぼしません(およぼしません)
classical zu / nu及ぼさず・及ぼさぬ(およぼさず・およぼさぬ)
Past (ta)及ぼした(およぼした)
polite (mashita)及ぼしました(およぼしました)
Past negative (nakatta)及ぼさなかった(およぼさなかった)
polite (masen deshita)及ぼしませんでした(およぼしませんでした)
Te form及ぼして(およぼして)
Potential及ぼせる(およぼせる)
Passive及ぼされる(およぼされる)
Causative及ぼさせる(およぼさせる)
Causative passive及ぼさせられる(およぼさせられる)
Conditional (ba)及ぼせば(およぼせば)
tara及ぼしたら(およぼしたら)
Volitional及ぼそう(およぼそう)
polite (mashou)及ぼしましょう(およぼしましょう)
Imperative及ぼせ(およぼせ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
transitive及ぼすおよぼす⇄intransitive及ぶおよぶ
損害そんがいを及およぼす
及ぶ (intransitive) presents an effect or influence as something that reaches or extends to a target, while 及ぼす (transitive) focuses on an agent actively exerting that effect.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Related障るさわるNeutralHinders or harms something, as in 「体に障る」「気に障る」; it stresses harmful effect, while 「及ぼす」 covers both good and bad influence.
  • Related作用さようNeutralRefers to acting on something or producing an effect, as in 「薬の作用」; it leans toward scientific or mechanistic contexts.
  • Related差し響くさしひびくWrittenWritten style for affecting or having repercussions on something; rare in use, so say 「響く」 or 「影響する」 in everyday speech.
  • Related左右するNeutralMeans to sway or control an outcome, as in 「運命を左右する」; it stresses decisive influence rather than simply exerting an effect.

Use 「及ぼす」 when influence or damage reaches something, as in 「影響を及ぼす」. For harm say 「障る」, for decisive influence 「左右する」, and for acting or taking effect 「作用する」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. ある作用さよう・影響えいきょうなどが達たっするようにする。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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