依存|いぞんizon[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
いそんison
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbdependence; reliance
    それはすべて天候てんこうに依存いぞんしている。↗
    It all depends on the weather.
Conjugation
Dictionary form依存する(いぞんする)
Polite (masu)依存します(いぞんします)
Negative (nai)依存しない(いぞんしない)
polite (masen)依存しません(いぞんしません)
classical zu / nu依存せず・依存せぬ(いぞんせず・いぞんせぬ)
Past (ta)依存した(いぞんした)
polite (mashita)依存しました(いぞんしました)
Past negative (nakatta)依存しなかった(いぞんしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)依存しませんでした(いぞんしませんでした)
Te form依存して(いぞんして)
Potential依存できる(いぞんできる)
Passive依存される(いぞんされる)
Causative依存させる(いぞんさせる)
Causative passive依存させられる(いぞんさせられる)
Conditional (ba)依存すれば(いぞんすれば)
tara依存したら(いぞんしたら)
Volitional依存しよう(いぞんしよう)
polite (mashou)依存しましょう(いぞんしましょう)
Imperative依存しろ(いぞんしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym従属じゅうぞくWrittenWritten word for subordination, being under another's control, stressing a status relationship; 「依存」 stresses reliance.
  • Synonym頼りたよりNeutralThe person or thing you rely on; 「依存」 is more formal and also covers pathological dependence.
  • RelatedよるNeutralA verb meaning to depend on, be decided by, or be based on; 「依存」 stresses relying on something else to exist.
  • Related中毒ちゅうどくNeutralMeans poisoning or addiction, with the pathological side in focus; 「依存」 is broader, taking in economic dependence too.
  • Related依存性いぞんせいWrittenA written-register noun for the degree or nature of dependence, as in 「依存性が高い」; 「依存」 is the state of depending itself.
  • Related常用癖じょうようへきWrittenA written term for habitual addiction; rarely used — 「依存症」 is what people normally say.
  • Related耽溺たんできWrittenWritten word for indulging in unhealthy pleasures — drink, women, games — and neglecting daily life; pejorative, while 「依存」 is more neutral.
  • Related嗜癖しへきWrittenA written, medical-leaning term for an addiction or craving; 「依存」 is the broader word.
  • Antonym自立じりつNeutralStanding on your own without help from others; the direct opposite of 「依存」, which is depending on others.
  • Antonym独立どくりつNeutralIndependence — acting by your own power, free of outside control; the opposite of 「依存」 as attachment or dependence.

Use 「依存」 for depending on someone or something, as in 「スマホ依存」 or 「輸入に依存する」. For addiction say 「中毒」, for a person or thing to lean on 「頼り」, for subordination 「従属」, and for standing on your own 「自立」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 他ほかに頼たよって存在そんざいすること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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