塗る|ぬるnuru[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- godan verb, transitive verbto paint; to spread; to plaster; to apply (cream, lotion); to smear; to lacquer; to varnish; to put up (wallpaper)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 塗る（ぬる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 塗ります（ぬります） |
| Negative (nai) | 塗らない（ぬらない） |
| polite (masen) | 塗りません（ぬりません） |
| classical zu / nu | 塗らず・塗らぬ（ぬらず・ぬらぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 塗った（ぬった） |
| polite (mashita) | 塗りました（ぬりました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 塗らなかった（ぬらなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 塗りませんでした（ぬりませんでした） |
| Te form | 塗って（ぬって） |
| Potential | 塗れる（ぬれる） |
| Passive | 塗られる（ぬられる） |
| Causative | 塗らせる（ぬらせる） |
| Causative passive | 塗らせられる・塗らされる（ぬらせられる・ぬらされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 塗れば（ぬれば） |
| tara | 塗ったら（ぬったら） |
| Volitional | 塗ろう（ぬろう） |
| polite (mashou) | 塗りましょう（ぬりましょう） |
| Imperative | 塗れ（ぬれ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym彩るいろどるWrittenWritten/formal prose. Adorns with color, also used figuratively for embellishing, as in 「花が食卓を彩る」; carries an aesthetic nuance.
- Synonym着色ちゃくしょくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Coloring an item, often for food additives or technical use, as in 「着色料」.
- Synonym塗布とふWrittenWritten/formal prose. Applies medicine or coating to a surface, mostly in medical instructions, as in 「患部に塗布する」.
- Synonym塗りつけるぬりつけるCasualColloquial. Smears something onto a surface, stressing the act of spreading it on; also figuratively shifts blame onto someone, as in 「責任を塗りつける」.
- RelatedつけるNeutralNeutral. A very broad verb for attaching or sticking things on, as in 「薬をつける」「バターをつける」; 「塗る」 is the specific word for spreading or painting.
- Related塗装とそうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Painting or spray-coating a surface, as in 「車の塗装」; mostly used in industrial and construction contexts.
- Related施すほどこすWrittenWritten/formal prose. Applies decoration, treatment or makeup, as in 「化粧を施す」「加工を施す」; more formal than 「塗る」.
- Related色付けいろづけNeutralNeutral. Adding color to something, as in 「料理の色付け」; the focus is on adding color rather than spreading a substance.
- AntonymはがすNeutralNeutral. The opposite of 「塗る」: peels off something stuck or coated on a surface, as in 「シールを剥がす」.
- Antonym拭くふくNeutralNeutral. The opposite of 「塗る」: wipes something off a surface with a cloth, as in 「テーブルを拭く」.
「塗る」 is the default for spreading or applying cream, paint or paste. Use 「塗りつける」 to smear onto a surface (or shift blame), 「塗布」 for medical application, 「塗装」 for spray-painting, 「色付け」/「着色」 for adding color, 「剥がす」/「拭く」 to remove it.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
- まみる
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
