屈折|くっせつkussetsu[0]heiban (flat)

1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbbending; curving; twisting; turning; winding
2. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbwarping (of feelings, logic, etc.); distortion; twisting
3. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbrefraction
4. noun, suru verb, intransitive verb, linguisticsinflection

• Synonym湾曲わんきょくNeutralBending into an arc, as of a curved spine or a winding coastline; 「屈折」 stresses sharp bending and also covers the refraction of light.
• SynonymカーブNeutralLoanword for a curve in a road or a curveball; 「屈折」 also covers refraction and psychological distortion.
• Synonym曲折きょくせつNeutralWinding roads or twists and turns in events; 「屈折」 can also describe a road bending, but mostly refers to refraction.
• Synonym曲がりまがりNeutralA bend or curve, in broad everyday use; 「屈折」 leans toward written prose, mostly refraction or twisted feelings.
• Synonym屈曲くっきょくWrittenWritten/formal term for bending at the joints or in pipes, medical and technical; 「屈折」 centers on refraction.
• SynonymベンドNeutralTechnical loanword for a bend or turn, as in piping; 「屈折」 is the more common word.
• Related折り目おりめNeutralA crease or fold, by extension also manners and decorum; 「屈折」 focuses on refraction and distortion.
• RelatedカールNeutralLoanword for curling the hair or a curly hairstyle; 「屈折」 centers on the refraction of light.
• Related褶曲しゅうきょくWrittenWritten/formal geology term for the folding of rock strata; 「屈折」 centers on refraction.
• RelatedひだWrittenWritten/formal word for folds and pleats in clothing, or the subtle recesses of the heart; 「屈折」 focuses on distortion.
• RelatedたわみNeutralEngineering term for bending or deflection under load; 「屈折」 centers on refraction.
• Related折れおれNeutralA crease, or the spot where something is bent or broken off; 「屈折」 focuses on refraction and distortion.
• Antonym直進ちょくしんNeutralGoing straight ahead; the opposite of 「屈折」 with its bending and refraction.
• Antonym真直ぐますぐCasualColloquial word for straight in line or manner; the opposite of 「屈折」 with its bending and turning.
• Antonym真直しんちょくCasualThe same word as 「真直ぐ」; 「真直」 is only an alternative spelling with the same meaning.

Use 「屈折」 for objects or roads bending sharply, for the refraction of light, and for twisted feelings or logic, as in 「光の屈折」 and 「屈折した感情」. For bending into an arc say 「湾曲」; for winding roads or a rocky course of events say 「曲折」; for a curve in the road say 「カーブ」; for straight, say 「真っ直ぐ」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 物もの、とくに道みちが折れ曲おれまがること。
2. あてなく惑まどうこと。
3. 精神せいしんがひねくれていること。素直すなおでないこと。
4. 波動はどうが他ほかの媒質ばいしつへ進すすむとき境界きょうかい面めんで進行しんこう方向ほうこうを変かえること。
5. 屈折くっせつ素性そせいの値あたいに応おうじて語形ごけい変化へんかすること。言語げんごにより、屈折くっせつ接辞せつじによる規則的きそくてきな弱じゃく変化へんかと、不規則ふきそくな強きょう変化へんか、両者りょうしゃが混合こんごうした混合こんごう変化へんかなどがある。