弔う|とむらうtomurau[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- godan verb, transitive verbto mourn for; to grieve for; to condole with (the bereaved family, etc.)
- godan verb, transitive verbto hold a memorial service for; to hold a funeral service for
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 弔う(とむらう) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 弔います(とむらいます) |
| Negative (nai) | 弔わない(とむらわない) |
| polite (masen) | 弔いません(とむらいません) |
| classical zu / nu | 弔わず・弔わぬ(とむらわず・とむらわぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 弔った(とむらった) |
| polite (mashita) | 弔いました(とむらいました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 弔わなかった(とむらわなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 弔いませんでした(とむらいませんでした) |
| Te form | 弔って(とむらって) |
| Potential | 弔える(とむらえる) |
| Passive | 弔われる(とむらわれる) |
| Causative | 弔わせる(とむらわせる) |
| Causative passive | 弔わせられる・弔わされる(とむらわせられる・とむらわされる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 弔えば(とむらえば) |
| tara | 弔ったら(とむらったら) |
| Volitional | 弔おう(とむらおう) |
| polite (mashou) | 弔いましょう(とむらいましょう) |
| Imperative | 弔え(とむらえ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym悼むいたむWrittenWritten/formal prose. Focuses on the inner grief of mourning the dead; 「弔う」 also covers condoling with the bereaved and holding memorial services.
- Synonym悔やむくやむNeutralNeutral. Mourns a person's death but also means regretting one's own deeds; in condolences it usually appears as 「お悔やみ」.
- Antonym祝ういわうNeutralNeutral. Celebrates joyful occasions; the opposite of 「弔う」, which mourns the dead and offers condolences.
- Antonym寿ぐことほぐWrittenWritten/formal prose. An elegant, old-fashioned word for offering words of blessing; the opposite of 「弔う」.
Use 「弔う」 to mourn the dead, condole with the bereaved, or hold a memorial service. For inner grief say 「悼む」; to offer condolences, 「お悔やみ」. The opposite pole is 「祝う」, celebrating happy occasions.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


