悼む|いたむitamu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Definitions
- godan verb, transitive verbto grieve over; to mourn; to lament
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 悼む（いたむ） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 悼みます（いたみます） |
| Negative (nai) | 悼まない（いたまない） |
| polite (masen) | 悼みません（いたみません） |
| classical zu / nu | 悼まず・悼まぬ（いたまず・いたまぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 悼んだ（いたんだ） |
| polite (mashita) | 悼みました（いたみました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 悼まなかった（いたまなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 悼みませんでした（いたみませんでした） |
| Te form | 悼んで（いたんで） |
| Potential | 悼める（いためる） |
| Passive | 悼まれる（いたまれる） |
| Causative | 悼ませる（いたませる） |
| Causative passive | 悼ませられる・悼まされる（いたませられる・いたまされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 悼めば（いためば） |
| tara | 悼んだら（いたんだら） |
| Volitional | 悼もう（いたもう） |
| polite (mashou) | 悼みましょう（いたみましょう） |
| Imperative | 悼め（いため） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym悲しむかなしむNeutralEveryday word for feeling sad; it centers on inner sorrow and its object isn't limited to a death, so it fits any sadness, not just mourning.
- Synonym弔うとむらうWrittenWritten word for mourning that stresses action: holding memorial services for the dead or offering condolences to the bereaved, rather than the grief itself.
- Synonym嘆くなげくNeutralTo lament: voicing sadness or discontent aloud, as in 「不運を嘆く」; not limited to death.
- Synonym悔やむくやむNeutralHas two senses: mourning the dead, and regretting what one has done oneself; only the mourning sense overlaps with 「悼む」.
- Related悲嘆ひたんWrittenWritten word for deep grief and lamentation, as in 「悲嘆に暮れる」; it names the sorrow rather than the act of mourning.
- Related悲しがるかなしがるCasualColloquial: to look or act sad; it stresses showing sorrow outwardly rather than mourning the dead.
- Related嘆じるたんじるWrittenWritten and rarely used; to lament or grieve, and it can also mean to sigh in admiration.
- Related嘆ずるたんずるWrittenWritten word with the same meaning as 「嘆じる」: to lament and grieve, or sometimes to sigh in admiration.
- Related愁傷しゅうしょうFormalFormal word for grief, used chiefly in the condolence phrase 「ご愁傷様です」.
- Antonym祝ういわうNeutralAntonym: to celebrate happy occasions and congratulate people, the opposite of mourning the dead.
Choose 「悼む」 to grieve over a person's death, as in 「故人の死を悼む」. Use 「弔う」 for the actions of mourning — memorial services or condolences to the bereaved; 「悲しむ」 for sadness in general; and 「ご愁傷様です」 when consoling a bereaved family.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
