忍ぶ|しのぶshinobu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- godan verb, intransitive verbto conceal oneself; to hide
- godan verb, transitive verbto endure; to bear; to stand; to put up with
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 忍ぶ(しのぶ) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 忍びます(しのびます) |
| Negative (nai) | 忍ばない(しのばない) |
| polite (masen) | 忍びません(しのびません) |
| classical zu / nu | 忍ばず・忍ばぬ(しのばず・しのばぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 忍んだ(しのんだ) |
| polite (mashita) | 忍びました(しのびました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 忍ばなかった(しのばなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 忍びませんでした(しのびませんでした) |
| Te form | 忍んで(しのんで) |
| Potential | 忍べる(しのべる) |
| Passive | 忍ばれる(しのばれる) |
| Causative | 忍ばせる(しのばせる) |
| Causative passive | 忍ばせられる・忍ばされる(しのばせられる・しのばされる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 忍べば(しのべば) |
| tara | 忍んだら(しのんだら) |
| Volitional | 忍ぼう(しのぼう) |
| polite (mashou) | 忍びましょう(しのびましょう) |
| Imperative | 忍べ(しのべ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym耐えるたえるNeutralThe most general word for bearing pain and withstanding pressure. 「忍ぶ」 has a more written flavour and also covers hiding.
- Related辛抱しんぼうNeutralPatience and perseverance — gritting it out, as in 「もう少しの辛抱だ」. 「忍ぶ」 can also mean hiding oneself away.
- Related凌ぐしのぐNeutralGetting through hardship, as in 「飢えをしのぐ」, and also surpassing others. 「忍ぶ」 centres on enduring and hiding.
- RelatedこらえるNeutralHolding back an impulse such as tears or laughter, as in 「涙をこらえる」. 「忍ぶ」 is the more literary choice.
- Antonym晒すさらすNeutralExposing something to public view or to the sun — the opposite of 「忍ぶ」's sense of hiding and concealing.
For enduring, 「我慢する」 and 「耐える」 are the everyday choices; to hold back an impulse use 「堪える」. 「忍ぶ」 is literary — 「恥を忍んで」 — and also means hiding quietly, as in 「人目を忍ぶ」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


