耐える・堪える|たえるtaeru[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

1. ichidan verb, intransitive verb, transitive verbto bear; to stand; to endure; to put up with
   あの騒音そうおんには耐たえられないよ。↗

   I can not stand that noise.
2. ichidan verb, intransitive verbto support; to withstand; to resist; to brave
   この家いえは地震じしんに耐たえますか。↗

   Does this house withstand earthquakes?
3. ichidan verb, intransitive verbto be fit for; to be equal to

• Synonym我慢がまんNeutralThe most common everyday word for enduring or putting up with things, as in 「我慢できない」; also used for holding back desires.
• Synonym辛抱しんぼうNeutralBearing hardship patiently, as in 「もう少しの辛抱だ」; leans toward long-term perseverance, sticking it out.
• Synonym忍ぶしのぶWrittenWritten register: enduring silently, as in 「恥を忍ぶ」; implies hiding one's suffering from view; also means to hide or keep out of sight.
• Synonym凌ぐしのぐNeutralFinding ways to keep something out or get through it, as in 「雨露を凌ぐ」「飢えを凌ぐ」; stresses coping by ingenuity; also means to surpass.
• Synonym持ちこたえるもちこたえるNeutralHolding out and keeping things from collapsing, as in 「何とか持ちこたえる」; close to 「耐える」 in the sense of withstanding external force.
• SynonymこらえるNeutralHolding back or suppressing, as in 「涙をこらえる」; leans toward momentarily restraining an emotion, while 「耐える」 leans toward bearing something over a longer stretch.
• Synonym踏みこたえるふみこたえるWrittenWritten register: standing firm against pressure or difficulty; few examples in actual use — in daily speech say 「持ちこたえる」.
• Related踏ん張るふんばるNeutralLiterally bracing one's legs; by extension gritting it out, as in 「最後まで踏ん張る」; emphasizes holding on with effort.
• Related粘るねばるNeutralLiterally to be sticky; by extension not giving up easily and persisting to the end, as in 「最後まで粘る」; stresses tenacity.
• Related立ち向かうたちむかうNeutralConfronting difficulties or opponents head-on, as in 「困難に立ち向かう」; active resistance rather than enduring.
• Related長持ちながもちNeutralFor things staying in good condition or lasting long, as in 「電池が長持ちする」; not used for people bearing pain or external force.
• Related乗り越えるのりこえるNeutralClimbing over, by extension overcoming difficulties, as in 「困難を乗り越える」; focuses on having conquered them, while 「耐える」 is about the process of bearing.
• Related乗り切るのりきるNeutralWeathering a difficult period, as in 「危機を乗り切る」; stresses getting through a crisis to the other side.
• Related生き延びるいきのびるNeutralSurviving when death seemed certain, as in 「戦争を生き延びる」; also figuratively for companies outlasting competition; about survival, not endurance.
• Related頑張るがんばるNeutralThe everyday word for trying hard or hanging in there; positive striving, not necessarily enduring anything.
• Related生き残るいきのこるNeutralSurviving when others die, also figuratively for outlasting rivals in competition; focuses on the outcome.
• Related抵抗ていこうNeutralResisting external force or authority; also a feeling of aversion, as in 「抵抗を感じる」; about opposing, not enduring.
• Related踏みとどまるふみとどまるNeutralStaying put and not retreating, or stopping oneself from going ahead; about holding one's ground, not about enduring pain.
• Related生き抜くいきぬくNeutralLiving through hard times with tenacity, as in 「激動の時代を生き抜く」; stresses surviving to the end through perseverance.
• Related抗うあらがうWrittenWritten register: resisting or defying, as in 「運命に抗う」; actively refusing to submit, while 「耐える」 means bearing it.
• Related生きながらえるいきながらえるWrittenWritten, literary flavor: barely keeping alive or living long; can carry a nuance of merely eking out an existence.
• Antonym耐えられないNeutralThe negative form: unable to bear or withstand something — the opposite of 「耐える」 in its sense of enduring.

Use 「耐える」 for bearing pain, pressure, or external force, as in 「痛みに耐える」. In everyday speech say 「我慢」; for holding back for the moment, 「こらえる」; for gritting it out to the end, 「踏ん張る」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 【耐たい、堪、仔こ、任にん】 苦痛くつう・困難こんなんなどに屈くっせず我慢がまんする。
2. 【耐たい、堪、仔こ、任にん】 外部がいぶからの力ちからや刺激しげきに負まけずに持ち堪もちこたえる。
3. 【堪】 物事ものごとをするだけの価値かちはさほど積極的せっきょくてきではないものの一応いちおうある；　〔否定ひてい表現ひょうげんを伴ともなって〕 許容きょようできない。