辛抱・辛棒|しんぼうshinbou[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Which spelling to use
辛抱辛抱 is the most common written form of this word and the form learners will generally encounter and use.
辛棒辛棒 is a rarely used variant, using kanji for their sound rather than their meaning; it is not the usual choice for writing this word.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbpatience; endurance; perseverance
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 辛抱する（しんぼうする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 辛抱します（しんぼうします） |
| Negative (nai) | 辛抱しない（しんぼうしない） |
| polite (masen) | 辛抱しません（しんぼうしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 辛抱せず・辛抱せぬ（しんぼうせず・しんぼうせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 辛抱した（しんぼうした） |
| polite (mashita) | 辛抱しました（しんぼうしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 辛抱しなかった（しんぼうしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 辛抱しませんでした（しんぼうしませんでした） |
| Te form | 辛抱して（しんぼうして） |
| Potential | 辛抱できる（しんぼうできる） |
| Passive | 辛抱される（しんぼうされる） |
| Causative | 辛抱させる（しんぼうさせる） |
| Causative passive | 辛抱させられる（しんぼうさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 辛抱すれば（しんぼうすれば） |
| tara | 辛抱したら（しんぼうしたら） |
| Volitional | 辛抱しよう（しんぼうしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 辛抱しましょう（しんぼうしましょう） |
| Imperative | 辛抱しろ（しんぼうしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym我慢がまんNeutralHolding feelings or urges in rather than letting them out, as in 「トイレを我慢」. 「辛抱」 stresses persevering through hardship over the long term.
- Synonym忍耐にんたいWrittenWritten/formal prose: stoic endurance and patience, as in 「忍耐力」. 「辛抱」 is the more colloquial word for everyday perseverance.
- Synonym耐えるたえるNeutralBearing pain or withstanding pressure. 「辛抱」 stresses sticking it out and persevering over the long term.
- Synonym堪忍かんにんCasualColloquial, with an old-fashioned or Kansai flavor: forgiving or pardoning someone, as in 「堪忍して」. 「辛抱」 is about gritting your teeth through hardship long-term.
- Synonym忍苦にんくWrittenWritten/formal prose: enduring suffering and hardship, as in 「忍苦の日々」. 「辛抱」 is more colloquial and stresses keeping at it over the long term.
- Related忍ぶしのぶNeutralA verb: to endure or bear, as in 「恥を忍ぶ」; it can also mean to hide oneself. 「辛抱」 is the noun for gritting your teeth and holding out.
- Related凌ぐしのぐNeutralRiding out or pulling through a hardship or crisis. 「辛抱」 stresses patient endurance and perseverance itself.
- Antonym短気たんきNeutralAn antonym in temperament: a short, quick temper — impatient where 「辛抱」 implies steady endurance.
- Antonym焦りあせりNeutralAn antonym in patience: feeling flustered and impatient, the opposite of 「辛抱」's calm endurance.
- Antonym忍耐の欠如NeutralAn antonym in patience: a lack of patience, the absence of the endurance 「辛抱」 describes.
Use 「辛抱」 for gritting your teeth and enduring hardship over the long haul, as in 「辛抱強い」. For holding feelings or urges in, pick 「我慢」; for written, stoic endurance, 「忍耐」; for withstanding pressure, 「耐える」; for forgiving someone, 「堪忍」. The opposites are 「短気」 and 「焦り」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
- 苦しみや辛さを堪えること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
