損じる|そんじるsonjiru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Definitions
- ichidan verb, intransitive verbto harm; to hurt; to injure; to damage
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 損じる（そんじる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 損じます（そんじます） |
| Negative (nai) | 損じない（そんじない） |
| polite (masen) | 損じません（そんじません） |
| classical zu / nu | 損じず・損じぬ（そんじず・そんじぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 損じた（そんじた） |
| polite (mashita) | 損じました（そんじました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 損じなかった（そんじなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 損じませんでした（そんじませんでした） |
| Te form | 損じて（そんじて） |
| Potential | 損じられる（そんじられる） |
| Passive | 損じられる（そんじられる） |
| Causative | 損じさせる（そんじさせる） |
| Causative passive | 損じさせられる（そんじさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 損じれば（そんじれば） |
| tara | 損じたら（そんじたら） |
| Volitional | 損じよう（そんじよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 損じましょう（そんじましょう） |
| Imperative | 損じろ（そんじろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym傷つけるきずつけるNeutralThe everyday word: wound or scratch someone, or hurt their feelings; the object can be a person. Far more common in speech than the written-style 「損じる」.
- Synonym損なうそこなうNeutralDamages health, mood and the like, and as a suffix after a verb means failing to do it, as in 「見損なう」. More common than 「損じる」.
- Synonym害するがいするWrittenFormal written word for harming or impairing something, as in 「健康を害する」 or 「気分を害する」.
- Synonym痛めるいためるNeutralInjures a part of the body, as in 「腰を痛める」; also covers damaging objects (「家具を傷める」) and emotional distress.
- Synonym毀損きそんWrittenWritten noun for damaging things or harming one's reputation; common in legal language, as in 「名誉毀損」.
- Synonym損ねるそこねるNeutralClose to 「損なう」; often seen in 「機嫌を損ねる」, and also works as a suffix meaning one failed to do something.
- Synonym損傷そんしょうWrittenFormal noun for damage to objects or the body; typical of accident and medical reports.
- Synonym損害そんがいNeutralNoun for loss or damage suffered, with an emphasis on financial loss, as in 「損害賠償」.
- Synonym破損はそんNeutralNoun for physical breakage of things, as in 「荷物の破損」; applies to objects, not people.
- Synonym損壊そんかいWrittenWritten noun for buildings, vessels and the like being damaged or destroyed; common in legal texts and disaster reporting.
- Synonym害すがいすWrittenAn older form of 「害する」 with the same meaning; it can also mean to kill. Written prose still says 「健康を害す」 and the like.
- Synonym毀傷きしょうWrittenOld-fashioned written noun for injury or damage; rarely used in modern Japanese — say 「損傷」 instead.
- Antonym直すなおすNeutralThe counterpart of 「損じる」 in the damage-and-repair pair: to mend something and restore it to its original state.
- Antonym修復しゅうふくNeutralAntonym noun: repairing damaged places back to their original state; used for buildings, cultural assets or relationships.
In everyday speech, 「傷つける」 and 「壊す」 are the natural choices. Use 「損ねる」 or 「害する」 for harm to health or feelings, and 「破損」 for broken objects. 「損じる」 itself is written in tone or serves as a suffix.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
