新|しんshin[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. prefixnew; neo-
   新しんサービスの料金りょうきん設定せっていはマーケティング部ぶが行おこなう。↗

   The marketing department is responsible for pricing new service.
2. nounnewness; novelty
3. nounGregorian calendar
4. nounXin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE); Hsin dynasty

• Synonym新しいあたらしいNeutralThe plain adjective for new and by far the most common choice; 「新」 attaches as a prefix or stands as a noun, as in 「新学期」.
• Synonym新たあらたWrittenWritten and dignified: something fresh or done anew, as in 「新たな一歩」; more solemn than 「新しい」.
• Synonym真新しいまあたらしいNeutralBrand new — stresses that something looks completely new, fresh out of the box, as in 「真新しい服」; the focus is on its pristine appearance.
• Synonym新規しんきNeutralNewly set up or opened, mainly in business contexts, as in 「新規登録」; also a noun for a new customer.
• Synonym目新しいめあたらしいNeutralNovel and rare to the eye — something you have not seen before, as in 「目新しい商品」.
• Synonym新奇しんきWrittenWritten word for something novel and unusual; stresses being strikingly fresh and out of the ordinary.
• Synonym耳新しいみみあたらしいNeutralHeard for the first time; used of information and talk, as in 「耳新しい話」.
• Synonym生新しいなまあたらしいNeutralExtremely fresh, just made or appeared; rare in actual use — say 「新しい」 in everyday speech.
• Related新鮮しんせんNeutralFresh food or a clean, refreshing feel, as in 「新鮮な野菜」; about freshness rather than newness.
• RelatedモダンNeutralLoanword for a modern, stylish look, as in 「モダンな建物」; about style rather than recency.
• Related清新せいしんWrittenWritten word for a fresh, clean, new style; used in literary or artistic appraisal.
• Related若いわかいNeutralYoung — of people, or things not long established, as in 「若い会社」; 「新」 stresses that something has newly appeared.
• Related画期的かっきてきWrittenWritten word for epoch-making, groundbreaking things, as in 「画期的な発明」; stresses pioneering a new era.
• Related近代的きんだいてきWrittenWritten word for modern in the sense of modernized; evokes a historical period rather than plain newness.
• RelatedフレッシュNeutralLoanword for fresh and lively, or the freshness of a newcomer, as in 「フレッシュマン」.
• Related斬新ざんしんWrittenWritten word for boldly original and innovative, as in 「斬新なデザイン」; stresses creativity.
• Related新式しんしきWrittenWritten word for a new style or format; concerns the form something takes.
• Related革命的かくめいてきWrittenWritten word for revolutionary; stresses thorough, sweeping change rather than mere newness.
• Related未使用みしようWrittenWritten word for not yet used, as in 「未使用品」「未使用の切手」; it says nothing about being new in content.
• Related年若いとしわかいNeutralYoung in age, said only of people; different from 「新」, which describes things as new.
• Antonym旧きゅうNeutralPrefix for old or former, the direct opposite of 「新」, as in 「旧制度」.
• Antonym元もとNeutralPrefix for former or ex-, as in 「元社長」; opposed to 「新」 in the old-versus-new sense.

「新」 works as a prefix or noun: 「新製品」「新記録」. The everyday adjective is 「新しい」; in formal prose choose 「新た」. Say 「新鮮」 for fresh food, 「斬新」 for bold originality; the opposite prefix is 「旧」. The rest are narrower: 真新しい looks brand new, 新規 is business new, 目新しい and 耳新しい are novel to the eye or ear, モダン and 近代的 mean modern in style or era, 清新 praises a fresh style, 画期的 and 革命的 are groundbreaking, 未使用 means unused, 新式 is new in form, フレッシュ is fresh, and 若い and 年若い mean young.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 紀元きげん8年ねんに王莽おうもうが前漢ぜんかんを廃はいして建たてた国くに。