病む|やむyamu[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- godan verb, intransitive verbto fall ill
- godan verb, transitive verbto suffer from (e.g. a disease); to have something wrong with (e.g. an inner organ)
- godan verb, transitive verbto be depressed; to feel down; to have mental health issues
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 病む（やむ） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 病みます（やみます） |
| Negative (nai) | 病まない（やまない） |
| polite (masen) | 病みません（やみません） |
| classical zu / nu | 病まず・病まぬ（やまず・やまぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 病んだ（やんだ） |
| polite (mashita) | 病みました（やみました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 病まなかった（やまなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 病みませんでした（やみませんでした） |
| Te form | 病んで（やんで） |
| Potential | 病める（やめる） |
| Passive | 病まれる（やまれる） |
| Causative | 病ませる（やませる） |
| Causative passive | 病ませられる・病まされる（やませられる・やまされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 病めば（やめば） |
| tara | 病んだら（やんだら） |
| Volitional | 病もう（やもう） |
| polite (mashou) | 病みましょう（やみましょう） |
| Imperative | 病め（やめ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym発病はつびょうWrittenWritten-style noun for the onset of an illness — the moment a disease first strikes; 「病む」 is about being ill over time or suffering in mind.
- Related心配しんぱいNeutralThe everyday, neutral word for worry — unease about what the future may bring.
- Related憂慮ゆうりょWrittenFormal written noun for deep concern, as in 「事態を憂慮する」; graver and more formal than everyday worry.
- Related心労しんろうWrittenWritten noun for the strain of worrying — mental weariness, as in 「心労が重なる」; it stresses exhaustion rather than illness.
- Related心痛しんつうWrittenWritten noun for heartache or deep unease; it stresses mental suffering, while 「病む」 names the illness or gloom itself.
- Antonym治るなおるNeutralThe everyday verb for getting well or being cured; the plain opposite of 「病む」 when an illness ends.
- Antonym癒えるいえるWrittenWritten-style verb for a wound or illness healing — the opposite of 「病む」; also used when sorrow or worry lifts.
Use 「病む」 for being ill or suffering in mind, as in 「胸を病む」「気に病む」. For the moment illness begins use 「発病」; for worry use 「心配」 (everyday), 「憂慮」 (formal) or 「心労」 (mental strain); 「心痛」 is written for heartache. Recovery is 「治る」 or 「癒える」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
- （他動詞）病にかかる。
- （「気に病む」等の形で）なやむ。
Kanji in this word
