臨む|のぞむnozomu[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- godan verb, intransitive verbto look out on; to overlook; to front onto
- godan verb, intransitive verbto face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to be confronted by
- godan verb, intransitive verbto deal with (an issue)
- godan verb, intransitive verbto attend (e.g. a function); to appear (e.g. in court); to be present at; to go to (e.g. a place); to take part in; to participate; to join
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 臨む（のぞむ） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 臨みます（のぞみます） |
| Negative (nai) | 臨まない（のぞまない） |
| polite (masen) | 臨みません（のぞみません） |
| classical zu / nu | 臨まず・臨まぬ（のぞまず・のぞまぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 臨んだ（のぞんだ） |
| polite (mashita) | 臨みました（のぞみました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 臨まなかった（のぞまなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 臨みませんでした（のぞみませんでした） |
| Te form | 臨んで（のぞんで） |
| Potential | 臨める（のぞめる） |
| Passive | 臨まれる（のぞまれる） |
| Causative | 臨ませる（のぞませる） |
| Causative passive | 臨ませられる・臨まされる（のぞませられる・のぞまされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 臨めば（のぞめば） |
| tara | 臨んだら（のぞんだら） |
| Volitional | 臨もう（のぞもう） |
| polite (mashou) | 臨みましょう（のぞみましょう） |
| Imperative | 臨め（のぞめ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym面するめんするNeutralSays that a building, piece of land, or country faces somewhere, as in 「海に面する」 or 「太平洋に面する国」; unlike 「臨む」, it is not used for solemnly facing an occasion.
- Related向かい合うむかいあうNeutralDescribes two people or things standing face to face; 「臨む」 instead is about facing an occasion or overlooking a view.
- Related向かうむかうNeutralMeans going or heading towards a place, or simply facing something; 「臨む」 adds the sense of solemnly facing an occasion.
- Related向き合うむきあうNeutralUsed for facing up to problems or for people facing each other; 「臨む」 stresses the attitude with which one approaches an occasion.
- Related直面ちょくめんNeutralA noun for directly confronting difficulties; 「臨む」 instead is about solemnly facing an occasion.
- Related対するたいするNeutralMeans facing something or being aimed at it; 「臨む」 stresses the attitude with which one faces an occasion.
- Related対すたいすWrittenA literary form of 「対する」 used in written prose; like it, it means facing or being directed at something, while 「臨む」 is about solemnly facing an occasion.
- Related相対するあいたいするWrittenA written-style word for two things facing each other or standing in opposition; 「臨む」 is about facing an occasion.
- Related正対せいたいWrittenA written, formal word for facing something directly, front to front; 「臨む」 is about facing an occasion.
Use 「臨む」 for solemnly facing an occasion such as an exam or match, or for overlooking scenery, as in 「試合に臨む」 and 「海に臨む部屋」. For a building facing somewhere, say 「面する」; for facing up to a problem, 「向き合う」; for being confronted with difficulties, 「直面」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
