参加|さんかsanka[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbparticipation; joining; entry
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 参加する（さんかする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 参加します（さんかします） |
| Negative (nai) | 参加しない（さんかしない） |
| polite (masen) | 参加しません（さんかしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 参加せず・参加せぬ（さんかせず・さんかせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 参加した（さんかした） |
| polite (mashita) | 参加しました（さんかしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 参加しなかった（さんかしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 参加しませんでした（さんかしませんでした） |
| Te form | 参加して（さんかして） |
| Potential | 参加できる（さんかできる） |
| Passive | 参加される（さんかされる） |
| Causative | 参加させる（さんかさせる） |
| Causative passive | 参加させられる（さんかさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 参加すれば（さんかすれば） |
| tara | 参加したら（さんかしたら） |
| Volitional | 参加しよう（さんかしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 参加しましょう（さんかしましょう） |
| Imperative | 参加しろ（さんかしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym参与さんよWrittenWritten/formal prose. Involvement in important affairs, as in 「国政に参与する」; also the title of an adviser or consultant post.
- Synonym加入かにゅうNeutralNeutral. Joining an organization to become a member, as in 「保険に加入する」; stresses membership rather than participation.
- Synonym参画さんかくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Taking part in planning policies or projects, as in 「計画に参画する」; 「参加」 covers activities in general.
- Synonym参するさんするWrittenWritten/formal prose, rather literary and little used; to participate. In everyday speech say 「参加する」.
- Synonym関与かんよWrittenWritten/formal prose. Involvement or intervention in something, as in 「事件に関与する」.
- Synonym参会さんかいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Attending a meeting; little used.
- Related出席しゅっせきNeutralNeutral. Attending a class or meeting, as in 「会議に出席する」; stresses being present.
- Related携わるたずさわるWrittenWritten/formal prose. Engaging in a particular line of work, as in 「研究に携わる」.
- Related列席れっせきWrittenWritten/formal prose. Attending a ceremony, as in 「式典に列席する」.
- Related入会にゅうかいNeutralNeutral. Joining a club or society to become a member, as in 「クラブに入会する」; 「参加」 is taking part in an activity, not necessarily becoming a member.
- Related参列さんれつWrittenWritten/formal prose. Attending a ceremony, as in 「葬儀に参列する」.
- Related臨席りんせきWrittenWritten/formal prose, honorific. Attendance by a distinguished guest, as in 「ご臨席を賜る」.
- Related顔出しかおだしCasualColloquial. Putting in an appearance, as in 「ちょっと顔出しする」.
- Related列座れつざWrittenWritten/formal prose with an old-fashioned air. Taking a seat at a gathering; stresses being seated.
- Related列するれっするWrittenWritten/formal prose. Attending, as in 「会議に列する」; also to rank among or belong to a class. In daily speech say 「出席する」.
- Antonym欠席けっせきNeutralAntonym of 「参加」: being absent from a class or meeting, as in 「会議を欠席する」.
- Antonym不参加ふさんかNeutralAntonym of 「参加」: not taking part, as in 「不参加の連絡」.
Use 「参加」 by default for taking part in an activity. For joining an organization, use 「加入」 or 「入会」; for taking part in planning, 「参画」; for attending a class or meeting, 「出席」; for attending a ceremony, 「参列」; for being engaged in work, 「携わる」; for involvement or intervention, 「関与」. 「不参加」 is its plain negative, and 「欠席」 means being absent. The rest are rarer written or colloquial variants.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
