連なる・列なる|つらなるtsuranaru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Which spelling to use
連なる連なる is the common form and the recommended choice for beginners; use it when writing this verb rather than selecting the less common variant.
列なる列なる is rarely used, so learners will seldom need to choose it; use 連なる instead when writing this verb.
Definitions
- godan verb, intransitive verbto extend; to stretch out; to stand in a row
- godan verb, intransitive verbto attend; to participate in
- godan verb, intransitive verbto enrol; to enroll; to join
- godan verb, intransitive verbto have a connection; to be related; to be linked
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 連なる（つらなる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 連なります（つらなります） |
| Negative (nai) | 連ならない（つらならない） |
| polite (masen) | 連なりません（つらなりません） |
| classical zu / nu | 連ならず・連ならぬ（つらならず・つらならぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 連なった（つらなった） |
| polite (mashita) | 連なりました（つらなりました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 連ならなかった（つらならなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 連なりませんでした（つらなりませんでした） |
| Te form | 連なって（つらなって） |
| Potential | 連なれる（つらなれる） |
| Passive | 連なられる（つらなられる） |
| Causative | 連ならせる（つらならせる） |
| Causative passive | 連ならせられる・連ならされる（つらならせられる・つらならされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 連なれば（つらなれば） |
| tara | 連なったら（つらなったら） |
| Volitional | 連なろう（つらなろう） |
| polite (mashou) | 連なりましょう（つらなりましょう） |
| Imperative | 連なれ（つらなれ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Transitive / intransitive pair
山が連なる
山を連ねる
連なる focuses on the event or resulting state, as in 山が連なる; 連ねる foregrounds the agent acting on something, as in 山を連ねる.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Synonyms & antonyms
- Related参列さんれつWrittenWritten/formal: attending a ceremony or funeral, with a solemn tone. 「連なる」 stresses standing in a row or taking part as one member of a group.
- Related列席れっせきWrittenWritten/formal: attending a meeting or ceremony as one of those present. 「連なる」 stresses lining up in a row or being ranked among a group.
- Related列座れつざWrittenWritten/formal: taking a seat at a gathering or ceremony, i.e. being present there. 「連なる」 stresses forming a connected row.
- Related列するれっするWrittenWritten/formal: to be ranked among or classed with, as in 「大国に列する」. 「連なる」 stresses being linked in a line.
- Antonym離れるはなれるNeutralNeutral: to come apart or move away. The opposite of 「連なる」, which describes things joined in a row.
- Antonym散るちるNeutralNeutral: to scatter or fall, like blossoms. The opposite of 「連なる」, which describes a linked, unbroken line.
Use 「連なる」 for mountains or lines of people stretching in a row, as in 「山々が連なる」, or for being lined up among others. To attend a ceremony say 「参列」 or 「列席」; to be ranked among, 「列する」. 「離れる」 and 「散る」 are opposites: separating and scattering.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
