裏書・裏書き|うらがきuragaki[4]odaka (tail-high)

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbendorsement (of a cheque, bill, etc.)
   この小切手こぎってを裏書うらがきしてください。↗

   Please endorse this check.
2. noun, suru verb, transitive verbverification of authenticity (written on the back of a scroll); certificate of authenticity
3. noun, suru verb, transitive verbnote written on the back of a scroll; comment
4. noun, suru verb, transitive verbproof; confirmation; substantiation; corroboration

• Related裏付けうらづけNeutralBacking or evidence that supports a claim; more common than 「裏書」 in the corroboration sense, since 「裏書」 originally means writing on the back of a bill or document.
• Related証明しょうめいNeutralThe broadest word for proving something with reasons or evidence, including mathematical proofs; 「裏書」 as corroboration means facts that in turn bear out a claim.
• Related実証じっしょうWrittenFormal written word for proving a hypothesis with actual facts or experiments; academic in flavor. 「裏書」 stresses existing facts as supporting evidence for a claim.
• Related裏付けるうらづけるNeutralVerb closest to 「裏書きする」 in its corroboration sense; the two are interchangeable, but 「裏付ける」 is more common while 「裏書」 is more literary.
• Related証拠しょうこNeutralA noun for the evidence itself—the object or fact used as a basis; 「裏書」 refers to the act of corroborating or to the endorsement on a bill.
• Related論証ろんしょうWrittenProving a proposition through reasoning and argument; facts may be cited, but the emphasis is on the logic, whereas 「裏書」 is facts bearing out a claim.
• Related確認かくにんNeutralChecking or verifying something yourself—an act of active confirmation; 「裏書」 is facts bearing out a claim in turn, not a checking process.
• Related立証りっしょうWrittenEstablishing a fact by presenting evidence, mostly in court or investigations; 「裏書」 leans toward existing facts corroborating a claim.
• Related証拠だてるしょうこだてるWrittenTo prove by presenting evidence, stressing the act of producing it; rare, and in everyday speech 「証明する」 is the usual choice.
• Related証左しょうさWrittenA strongly literary word for facts that serve as proof, often in the pattern 「〜の証左だ」; it has no sense of endorsing a bill.
• Related証跡しょうせきWrittenTraces or physical evidence proving that something happened, used mainly in auditing and law; unrelated to the endorsement sense of 「裏書」.
• Related証憑しょうひょうWrittenAn accounting and legal term for documents evidencing a transaction; when 「裏書」 involves bills, it refers to the endorsement procedure for transfer.
• Related証すあかすWrittenA literary verb meaning to prove with facts; little used today—say 「証明する」 or 「裏付ける」 instead.
• Related証するしょうするFormalA literary verb meaning to prove or guarantee, seen in certificate set phrases like 「右〜を証する」; not used in speech.

For evidence backing a claim, 「裏付け」 and 「裏付ける」 are the usual choices; for proving in general, use 「証明」. 「裏書」 itself is mostly seen in bill endorsement or the written phrase 「〜を裏書きする」. Others: 「実証」「論証」「立証」 for academic, logical, or legal proof; 「証左」「証跡」「証憑」 for formal evidence terms; 「確認」 for checking something yourself.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 文書ぶんしょなどの裏うらに文字もじを書かくこと。また、その文字もじ。
2. 小切手こぎってや手形てがたを譲渡じょうとする際さい、裏うらに譲渡じょうとされる人ひとの名前なまえや必要事項ひつようじこうなどを書かくこと。
3. 軸物じくものの書画しょがなどの鑑定かんてい結果けっかを裏うらに書かくこと。
4. ある事実じじつが確実かくじつであると別べつの側面そくめんから証明しょうめいすること。