補う|おぎなうoginau[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- godan verb, transitive verbto supplement; to make up for; to compensate for; to cover (a shortage, loss, etc.); to fill (e.g. a vacancy)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 補う(おぎなう) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 補います(おぎないます) |
| Negative (nai) | 補わない(おぎなわない) |
| polite (masen) | 補いません(おぎないません) |
| classical zu / nu | 補わず・補わぬ(おぎなわず・おぎなわぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 補った(おぎなった) |
| polite (mashita) | 補いました(おぎないました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 補わなかった(おぎなわなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 補いませんでした(おぎないませんでした) |
| Te form | 補って(おぎなって) |
| Potential | 補える(おぎなえる) |
| Passive | 補われる(おぎなわれる) |
| Causative | 補わせる(おぎなわせる) |
| Causative passive | 補わせられる・補わされる(おぎなわせられる・おぎなわされる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 補えば(おぎなえば) |
| tara | 補ったら(おぎなったら) |
| Volitional | 補おう(おぎなおう) |
| polite (mashou) | 補いましょう(おぎないましょう) |
| Imperative | 補え(おぎなえ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- RelatedカバーNeutralLoanword meaning to cover for or substitute, e.g. filling in for someone absent. 「補う」 focuses on supplementing the part that is insufficient.
- Related埋めるうめるNeutralUsed for filling a vacancy or filling up an empty space. 「補う」 focuses on supplementing what is insufficient.
- Related償うつぐなうNeutralUsed for compensating or atoning, centering on making up for a fault. 「補う」 focuses on supplying what is lacking.
- Antonym削るけずるNeutralMeans to cut down or reduce, the opposite of 「補う」, which adds or supplements.
- Antonym欠くかくNeutralMeans to lack or be without, the opposite of 「補う」, which makes up for what is missing.
Use 「補う」 to supplement what is lacking or make up for a shortcoming, as in 「栄養を補う」. For filling a gap or vacancy, 「埋める」 fits; for compensating for a fault, 「償う」; for standing in for someone, 「カバー」; for cutting back, 「削る」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


