補う|おぎなうoginau[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N2approx.Common
Definitions
  1. godan verb, transitive verbto supplement; to make up for; to compensate for; to cover (a shortage, loss, etc.); to fill (e.g. a vacancy)
    あなたの食事しょくじにはビタミンを補おぎなうほうがよい。↗
    You had better supplement your diet with vitamins.
Conjugation
Dictionary form補う(おぎなう)
Polite (masu)補います(おぎないます)
Negative (nai)補わない(おぎなわない)
polite (masen)補いません(おぎないません)
classical zu / nu補わず・補わぬ(おぎなわず・おぎなわぬ)
Past (ta)補った(おぎなった)
polite (mashita)補いました(おぎないました)
Past negative (nakatta)補わなかった(おぎなわなかった)
polite (masen deshita)補いませんでした(おぎないませんでした)
Te form補って(おぎなって)
Potential補える(おぎなえる)
Passive補われる(おぎなわれる)
Causative補わせる(おぎなわせる)
Causative passive補わせられる・補わされる(おぎなわせられる・おぎなわされる)
Conditional (ba)補えば(おぎなえば)
tara補ったら(おぎなったら)
Volitional補おう(おぎなおう)
polite (mashou)補いましょう(おぎないましょう)
Imperative補え(おぎなえ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • RelatedカバーNeutralLoanword meaning to cover for or substitute, e.g. filling in for someone absent. 「補う」 focuses on supplementing the part that is insufficient.
  • Related埋めるうめるNeutralUsed for filling a vacancy or filling up an empty space. 「補う」 focuses on supplementing what is insufficient.
  • Related償うつぐなうNeutralUsed for compensating or atoning, centering on making up for a fault. 「補う」 focuses on supplying what is lacking.
  • Antonym削るけずるNeutralMeans to cut down or reduce, the opposite of 「補う」, which adds or supplements.
  • Antonym欠くかくNeutralMeans to lack or be without, the opposite of 「補う」, which makes up for what is missing.

Use 「補う」 to supplement what is lacking or make up for a shortcoming, as in 「栄養を補う」. For filling a gap or vacancy, 「埋める」 fits; for compensating for a fault, 「償う」; for standing in for someone, 「カバー」; for cutting back, 「削る」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 不足ふそくしている部分ぶぶんにあるものを加くわえて満みたす。
  2. 欠点けってん・損害そんがい・罪つみなどの埋め合うめあわせをする。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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