非難・批難|ひなんhinan[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Which spelling to use
非難非難 is the most common written form of this word. It is the recommended choice for beginners.
批難批難 is a less common written form of this word. It is not the first choice for beginners, who should normally use 非難 instead.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbcriticism; blame; censure; attack; reproach
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 非難する（ひなんする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 非難します（ひなんします） |
| Negative (nai) | 非難しない（ひなんしない） |
| polite (masen) | 非難しません（ひなんしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 非難せず・非難せぬ（ひなんせず・ひなんせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 非難した（ひなんした） |
| polite (mashita) | 非難しました（ひなんしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 非難しなかった（ひなんしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 非難しませんでした（ひなんしませんでした） |
| Te form | 非難して（ひなんして） |
| Potential | 非難できる（ひなんできる） |
| Passive | 非難される（ひなんされる） |
| Causative | 非難させる（ひなんさせる） |
| Causative passive | 非難させられる（ひなんさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 非難すれば（ひなんすれば） |
| tara | 非難したら（ひなんしたら） |
| Volitional | 非難しよう（ひなんしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 非難しましょう（ひなんしましょう） |
| Imperative | 非難しろ（ひなんしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym糾弾きゅうだんWrittenPublicly pursuing and denouncing someone's guilt, as in 「不正を糾弾」. Stronger and more intense than 「非難」.
- Synonym咎めるとがめるNeutralVerb for calling out a fault; also used for a guilty conscience, as in 「気が咎める」.
- Synonym問責もんせきWrittenNoun for holding someone responsible, as in 「問責決議」. Mainly political language and more formal than 「非難」.
- Synonym責めるせめるNeutralEveryday verb for blaming or reproaching someone; typically aimed at an individual.
- Synonym弾劾だんがいWrittenNoun for publicly pursuing the guilt of officials and the like, as in 「弾劾裁判」. A legal term.
- Synonym批判ひはんNeutralNoun for critique and commentary; analytical and evaluative, not necessarily emotional.
- Synonym酷評こくひょうNeutralNoun for harsh, scathing criticism; mostly used for reviews of works.
- Synonym誹議ひぎWrittenWritten word for criticizing or censuring; rare in modern Japanese. For everyday blame, 「非難」 is the normal choice.
- Synonym指弾しだんWrittenWritten term for blaming and ostracizing someone, as in 「世間の指弾を受ける」. More literary than 「非難」.
- SynonymそしりWrittenNoun for censure or slander, as in 「〜の謗りを免れない」. Rather literary and mostly seen in fixed expressions.
- Synonym難詰なんきつWrittenListing someone's faults and harshly pressing them face to face. Rather written; carries more of an interrogating edge than 「非難」.
- Synonymこき下ろすこきおろすCasualColloquial verb for running someone down as worthless; harsher and more cutting than 「非難」.
- Synonym咎めとがめNeutralNoun for blame or punishment, as in 「お咎めなし」. Mostly found in set phrases.
- Synonym論難ろんなんWrittenNoun for attacking someone's faults by argument; leans toward academic debate and is more logic-driven than 「非難」.
- Synonym弁難べんなんWrittenWritten word for denouncing someone with words; rare in modern usage, where 「非難」 is the normal term.
- Synonym難じるなんじるWrittenWritten verb for finding fault and criticizing. 「非難」 is a noun; as a verb it becomes 「非難する」.
- SynonymそしるWrittenWritten verb for slandering or speaking ill of someone; implies unfair disparagement.
- SynonymなじるNeutralWritten 「詰る」 and read 「なじる」, it means to reproach someone face to face; read 「つまる」, it means to be blocked or packed, unrelated to blame.
- Synonym叱責しっせきWrittenWritten word for scolding a failure, usually a superior to a subordinate. 「非難」 centers on condemning the fault itself.
- Synonym譴責けんせきWrittenWritten word for reprimanding wrongdoing; also a formal disciplinary warning for civil servants, as in 「譴責処分」.
- Synonym論詰ろんきつWrittenNoun for pressing someone on the contradictions in their words or actions. Rather written.
- Synonym難ずるなんずるWrittenSame word as 「難じる」 in its suru-verb form; a written verb for finding fault, more focused on pointing out defects than 「非難」.
- Related駁するばくするWrittenWritten word for refuting an opinion; targets the argument, not someone's faults.
- Antonym賞賛しょうさんNeutralNoun for praise; the opposite of 「非難」 on the praise–blame scale.
- Antonym賛美さんびWrittenNoun for praise or glorification; the opposite of blaming.
Use 「非難」 as the default for blaming or condemning someone's faults, as in 「非難を浴びる」. For analytical, dispassionate critique choose 「批判」; for publicly pursuing guilt, 「糾弾」; for a superior scolding a subordinate, 「叱責」; for personal, everyday blame, 「責める」. To praise instead, use 「賞賛」. Many others here are rare or highly written alternatives.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
