頑丈・岩乗|がんじょうganjou[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
頑丈頑丈 is the most common written form and the recommended choice for beginners; it is written entirely in kanji.
岩乗岩乗 is a less common variant written entirely in kanji; its kanji are outdated, so beginners should use 頑丈 instead.
Definitions
- na-adjective, nounsolid; firm; stout; burly; strong; sturdy
Conjugation
| Plain form | 頑丈（がんじょう） |
|---|---|
| Polite (desu) | 頑丈です（がんじょうです） |
| Negative (dewa nai) | 頑丈ではない（がんじょうではない） |
| polite (dewa arimasen) | 頑丈ではありません（がんじょうではありません） |
| Past (datta) | 頑丈だった（がんじょうだった） |
| Past negative (dewa nakatta) | 頑丈ではなかった（がんじょうではなかった） |
| Te form (de) | 頑丈で（がんじょうで） |
| Adverbial (ni) | 頑丈に（がんじょうに） |
| Conditional (nara) | 頑丈なら（がんじょうなら） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym頑強がんきょうNeutralChiefly about holding to one's views or ground and not yielding; can also describe a sturdy body, but 「頑丈」 covers only solid build of things or physique.
- Synonym丈夫じょうぶNeutralThe everyday word: healthy in body, or sturdy and durable for things, as in 「丈夫な布」; 「頑丈」 puts more weight on solid construction.
- Synonym強靭きょうじんWrittenWritten word for strength with flexibility—tough and not easily snapped, as in 「強靭な精神」; 「頑丈」 stresses solidity, not resilience.
- Synonym強固きょうこWrittenWritten word for firmness that will not budge, mostly abstract things like will or foundations; 「頑丈」 is for concrete objects and the body.
- Synonym堅固けんごWrittenWritten word for solidity that resists damage, for buildings and things, and also for a firm will; 「頑丈」 is not used of will.
- SynonymたくましいNeutralFor a powerfully built body, and by extension strong will and vigorous vitality; 「頑丈」 says nothing about will or vigor.
- SynonymタフCasualColloquial loanword for withstanding hard wear and rough treatment; also means a tough, thorny situation, while 「頑丈」 leans to solid construction.
- Synonym剛健ごうけんWrittenWritten word for strength and health of body and mind, familiar from 「質実剛健」; not used to say an object is sturdy.
- Synonym強壮きょうそうWrittenWritten word for a strong, healthy body, seen in set phrases like 「強壮剤」; not used of objects.
- Synonym堅牢けんろうWrittenWritten word for buildings and products that are solid and durable; 「頑丈」 can also describe a person's physique.
- Synonym頑健がんけんWrittenWritten word for a sturdy, healthy constitution, used of people and animals; 「頑丈」 also covers objects, and 「頑健」 is the more literary choice.
- Synonym強健きょうけんWrittenWritten word for a strong constitution and robust health in people or animals; 「頑丈」 stresses solid construction and also applies to objects.
- Related屈強くっきょうNeutralFor physical strength and a brawny build, typically of men, as in 「屈強な男」; not normally said of objects.
- RelatedしっかりNeutralAn adverb: firmly, securely; also a reliable person or careful work, and the most common choice in speech; 「頑丈」 is a na-adjective.
- Antonym脆弱ぜいじゃくWrittenWritten antonym: fragile and easily broken, often said of systems or foundations; the direct opposite of the solidity of 「頑丈」.
- AntonymもろいNeutralFor things that break or give way easily; also soft-hearted, quick to be moved; the opposite of 「頑丈」 in the sense of breaking easily.
Use 「頑丈」 for things or a physique that are solidly built, as in 「頑丈な箱」. In daily speech 「丈夫」 is the common choice; 「堅牢」 suits buildings, 「強固」 a firm will, and the opposite is 「脆い」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
