かける・掛ける・懸けるkakeru[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Definitions
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to suspend (from); to hoist (e.g. sail); to raise (e.g. flag)コートをハンガーに掛けておきなさい。↗Put your coat on a hanger.
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to cover; to lay; to spread
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto make (a call)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto spend (time, money); to expend; to use
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto pour (liquid) onto; to sprinkle (powder or spices) onto; to splash; to throw (e.g. water) onto
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto turn on (an engine, radio, etc.); to set (a dial, alarm clock, etc.); to put on (a DVD, song, etc.); to use (a device, implement, etc.)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto cause (someone inconvenience, trouble, etc.); to burden (someone); to impose
- ichidan verb, transitive verb, mathto multiply (arithmetic operation)４掛ける２は８だ。↗Four multiplied by two is eight.
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto secure (e.g. lock)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto take a seat; to sit; to rest (something on something else); to support (something on something else)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto bindalso as 繋ける
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto put an effect (spell, anaesthetic, etc.) on
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto hold (a play, festival, etc.)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto hold an emotion for (pity, hope, etc.)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto argue (in court); to deliberate (in a meeting); to present (e.g. idea to a conference, etc.)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto increase further
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto catch (in a trap, etc.)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto set atop
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto erect (a makeshift building)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto apply (insurance)
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto pun (on a word); to use (a word) as a pivot word; to play on words
- suffix, ichidan verbto be partway doing ...; to begin (but not complete) ...; to be about to ...after -masu stem of verb
- suffix, ichidan verbto address (someone); to direct (something, to someone); to do (something, to someone)after -masu stem of verb; indicates an action is being directed to someone
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | かける |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | かけます |
| Negative (nai) | かけない |
| polite (masen) | かけません |
| classical zu / nu | かけず・かけぬ |
| Past (ta) | かけた |
| polite (mashita) | かけました |
| Past negative (nakatta) | かけなかった |
| polite (masen deshita) | かけませんでした |
| Te form | かけて |
| Potential | かけられる |
| Passive | かけられる |
| Causative | かけさせる |
| Causative passive | かけさせられる |
| Conditional (ba) | かければ |
| tara | かけたら |
| Volitional | かけよう |
| polite (mashou) | かけましょう |
| Imperative | かけろ |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Transitive / intransitive pair
絵を掛ける
掛かる describes the picture as being hung or coming to hang (state/result), while 掛ける describes the act of hanging it (action by an agent).
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym吊るすつるすNeutralHangs something so it dangles suspended from above, as in 「風鈴を吊るす」; the emphasis is on hanging free in the air, which 「掛ける」 does not require.
- Synonymぶら下げるぶらさげるNeutralLets something hang down or dangles it from the hand, as in 「袋をぶら下げる」; it highlights the drooping state more than 「掛ける」 does.
- SynonymつるNeutralHoists something up with a rope or cord from above, as in 「棚を吊る」; also means to hang oneself or sling across the body. 「掛ける」 does not stress suspension.
- Synonym引っ掛けるひっかけるNeutralHooks something on or casually throws it on, and can mean to trick someone, as in 「上着を引っ掛ける」; more casual than 「掛ける」.
- Synonym吊り下げるつりさげるNeutralSuspends something downward from above, as in 「照明を吊り下げる」; it stresses the downward-hanging direction and lacks the covering sense of 「掛ける」.
- RelatedかかるNeutralThe intransitive counterpart of 「掛ける」: something is hung or in place, or time and money are spent, as in 「壁に絵が掛かっている」.
- Related覆うおおうNeutralFocuses on the result of covering or shielding; the subject can be clouds or snow, as in 「雲が空を覆う」. 「掛ける」 means laying a cloth or blanket over something.
- RelatedつけるNeutralAttaches, fastens or sticks something on, as in 「名札を付ける」; 「掛ける」 is about hanging or draping something over the top.
- RelatedはめるNeutralInserts or slips something in so it fits snugly, as in 「指輪を嵌める」 or 「ガラスを嵌める」; 「掛ける」 simply hangs or drapes it on.
- Related張るはるNeutralStretches, tightens or spreads something, as in 「テントを張る」; written 「貼る」, it means to paste, as in 「ポスターを貼る」. 「掛ける」 hangs or covers.
- Related着せるきせるNeutralDresses a person or doll in clothes, as in 「子どもに服を着せる」; it can also mean plating or coating a layer. 「掛ける」 drapes or covers, it does not dress.
- RelatedかぶせるNeutralWhen written 「被せる」, it means to cover or coat with a layer; 「罪を着せる」 means to pin a crime on someone, a blame sense 「掛ける」 lacks.
- RelatedかけるWrittenWritten/formal prose. Spans something between two points, as in 「橋を架ける」; the object is usually a bridge or ladder. 「掛ける」 is not limited to two points.
- Antonym外すはずすNeutralThe opposite of 「掛ける」 in its hang-and-put-on sense: taking down a hung picture or removing glasses one is wearing.
- Antonym取るとるNeutralThe opposite of 「掛ける」 in its cover-and-put-on sense: removing a cloth laid over something or taking off what one wears.
「掛ける」 is the default for hanging, draping or covering something. Choose 「吊るす」 for things suspended in mid-air, 「架ける」 for spanning two points such as bridges, 「嵌める」 for fitting something snugly into place, 「貼る」 for pasting, and 「覆う」 for enveloping or shielding a whole.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
- 物を高い所に吊り下げる。
- 物の上に覆いかぶせる。
- 体に身につける。
- 電話機で相手を呼び出し、通話を始める。
- 時間やお金を使う。
- 液体や粉を上から注ぐ。
- 機械を動かしたり、目覚ましを設定したり、曲を再生したりする。
- 相手に迷惑などを与える。
- ある数を何倍かにする計算をする。
- 鍵を閉める。
- 腰を下ろして座ったり、物を何かに寄せて支えたりする。
- ひもなどを結びつける。
- 金品や命などを勝負や危険にさらす。
- 魔法や薬の効果を及ぼす。
- 行事や催しを開く。
- ある感情を心に抱く。
- 会議や法廷に事柄を出して、審議や争いの対象にする。
- さらに程度を増す。
- わなや計略で相手を捕らえる。
- 物の上に置く。
- 仮の建物を建てる。
- 保険に加入する。
- 同じ音に二つの意味を持たせて言葉遊びをする。
- 動作を始めて途中であることや、今にもしそうなことを表す。
- 相手に向けて何かをする。
English equivalents
See also
