中を|なかを

1. 1Moving or continuing an action through an adverse physical condition such as rain or snow.Ex. 1
2. 2Carrying on in spite of a difficult circumstance, often as a courteous acknowledgement of someone's trouble.

Typically followed by verbs of motion or continued action (歩く, 走る, 進む) to depict going through harsh surroundings, especially weather. It suits narration and fairly formal speech, and it appears in polite phrases thanking people for coming despite being busy. Unlike purely logical concessives such as にもかかわらず, it presents the circumstance as a setting that one physically or actively passes through.

• を押してN1「を押して」attaches only to nouns expressing obstacles such as opposition, illness, or bad weather; it is written-style and stresses persisting by willpower despite knowing the obstacle. 「中を」can attach to nouns, adjectives, and verbs, is stylistically neutral, and simply treats the environment or situation as the backdrop of the action.
• をものともせずN1「をものともせず」treats the preceding item as an obstacle and stresses fearlessness, often with a tone of admiration, and is mostly written-style. 「中を」merely treats situations like rain, snow, or busyness as the backdrop of an action, with a neutral tone. Even when both describe acting in the rain, the nuance differs, so they should not be swapped casually.
• もかまわずN2「中を」only states the environment or situation in which the action occurs, with no attitude, and includes polite set phrases like「お忙しい中を」. 「もかまわず」means ignoring things like others' gaze or inconvenience, often carrying criticism or surprise, so the two are generally not interchangeable.
• をよそにN1「中を」treats situations like rain, snow, or busyness as the backdrop of an action and can be used to express thanks. 「をよそに」means ignoring others' worries or objections, or outside circumstances, or being unaffected despite a contrast with one's surroundings; it is rather written-style and is not used for expressing thanks, so the two are generally not interchangeable.
• 中N3「中」attaches directly after a noun and is read「じゅう」or「ちゅう」, indicating an entire range or time period, something in progress, or within a deadline. 「中を」is read なか and indicates the environment or situation in which an action unfolds; the two cannot be interchanged.
• にもかかわらずN2「にもかかわらず」is a contrastive conjunction stressing that the following clause defies expectations, and is rather written-style. 「中を」treats the environment as the backdrop of the action and carries no contrastive meaning when describing acting in rain or snow, so they should not be swapped; when used to express thanks, however, the two are close in meaning.

中を neutrally describes acting within or through a condition, whereas を押して stresses deliberately overriding an obstacle such as illness, をものともせず admiringly stresses defying it, もかまわず means not caring about it, and をよそに means ignoring others' concerns. にもかかわらず is a general logical 'despite', and 中 (ちゅう) after a noun means 'in the middle of' an activity (会議中) rather than moving through conditions.