How to say "through" in Japanese

• 介してかいしてCommon
  expressionCovers 'through' in the sense of 'by way of an intermediary': something reaches you or gets done via a person or agent acting as the medium, as in hearing news through a friend.
• 通じてつうじてCommon
  adverbThe general 'through; via' for a medium or channel: information, contact, or results pass through something that carries or connects, and it overlaps with 介して when that medium is an intermediary.
  カタログを通つうじて郵便ゆうびんで買い物かいものをすることによって、人々ひとびとは幅広はばひろい商品しょうひんを選えらぶことが出来できる。↗

  Shopping by mail through catalogs gives people a wide choice of merchandise.
• ことによってCommon
  expressionHandles 'through' when the means is an action rather than a thing: something is achieved by doing something — improving by practicing daily, for example — rather than via an object or channel.
  私は本ほんを読よむことによって知識ちしきを得うる。↗

  I get knowledge by reading books.
• 越しごしCommon
  noun (suffix)Covers the physical 'through': across, over, or through something that stands between you and what you perceive or reach, such as looking through a window or speaking over a fence.
  彼かれは眼鏡めがねごしに彼女かのじょを見みた。↗

  He looked at her over his glasses.
• にかけてCommon
  expressionThe temporal 'through' of ranges: something continues or holds from one time through another, as in 'Monday through Thursday'; it is not a way to express means or mediation.
  このため、今夜こんやから明日あすにかけて全般ぜんぱんに曇くもりや雨あめの天気てんきでしょう。↗

  Because of this it will probably be generally cloudy and rainy weather over tonight and tomorrow.

Use 「介して」 or 「通じて」 for 'through' a medium or intermediary, 「ことによって」 when the means is an action ('by doing'), 「越し」 for physical 'through or over' an intervening thing, and 「にかけて」 for temporal ranges like 'Monday through Thursday'.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 介してかいしてthrough (the medium of)
• 通じてつうじてthrough
• ことによってvia
• 越しごしacross
• にかけてtill
• ことによりby (means of)
• を通してをとおしてthrough
• を介してをかいしてthrough (e.g. an intermediary, a medium)
• 経てへてthrough
• 中じゅう(all) through (e.g. the night)
• からthrough (e.g. window, vestibule)
• てthrough (that)