はるか・遥か・遙かharuka[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. na-adjective, adverbfar away; far off; far; distant; in the distance
    私の故郷こきょうは海うみのはるか向むこうにある。↗
    My home lies far across the sea.
  2. na-adjective, adverblong ago; long before
    はるか昔むかしの初期しょきの文化ぶんかにおいては、競技きょうぎで使つかわれているボールは太陽たいようを象徴しょうちょうしていました。↗
    Long ago in early cultures, the ball in the game was the symbol of the sun.
Conjugation
Plain formはるか
Polite (desu)はるかです
Negative (dewa nai)はるかではない
polite (dewa arimasen)はるかではありません
Past (datta)はるかだった
Past negative (dewa nakatta)はるかではなかった
Te form (de)はるかで
Adverbial (ni)はるかに
Conditional (nara)はるかなら

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym遠いとおいNeutralPlain adjective for 'far' (「駅が遠い」) and the everyday default in speech; 「はるか」 is stronger, suggests vast distance, and can also mean 'by far'.
  • Synonym遼遠りょうえんWrittenWritten word for 'remote, far off' (「前途遼遠」), mostly used in set phrases; not for casual speech.
  • Synonym悠遠ゆうえんWrittenWritten word for what is far off and long past (「悠遠の昔」); has a distinctly literary flavor.
  • Related程遠いほどとおいNeutralAdjective for being far apart or far short of something (「完成には程遠い」); usually about falling short of a goal or standard.
  • Related人里離れたひとざとはなれたNeutralSet expression for a lonely, out-of-the-way spot (「人里離れた山奥」); stresses being far from where people live.
  • Related辺鄙へんぴNeutralDescribes places as remote and hard to reach (「辺鄙な田舎」), with a nuance of inconvenience.
  • Antonym近いちかいNeutralMeans 'near, close' in distance or time; the direct opposite of 「はるか」.
  • Antonym至近しきんNeutralMeans 'extremely close' (「至近距離」); the opposite end of 「はるか」.

Use 「はるか」 for something very distant in space or time, or for far exceeding something (「はるか昔」「はるかに優れている」). For plain 'far' say 「遠い」; for falling far short of a goal, 「程遠い」; for out-of-the-way places, 「辺鄙」. The opposite is 「近い」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 距離きょり、時間じかん、年月としつきが非常ひじょうに遠とおく隔へだたっているさま。
  2. (「はるかに」の形かたちで)程度ていどの差さがはなはだしいさま。違ちがいのはなはだしいさま。
  3. 心理的しんりてきに遠とおく隔へだたっているさま。
  4. 気持きもちや心こころが進すすまないさま。うとましく思おもうさま。
  5. 程度ていどの差さがはなはだしいさま。違ちがいのはなはだしいさま。
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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