マイナスmainasu

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbminus; subtraction; taking away
2. no-adjectivenegative (number)
   昨夜さくや、温度計おんどけいはマイナス１０度どを示しめした。↗

   The thermometer registered minus ten last night.
3. noundeficit; loss
4. no-adjectivedisadvantage; drawback; handicap
   彼かれのまじめさがかえってマイナスになった。↗

   His diligence turned out a disadvantage after all.
5. nounnegative charge; cathode; negative terminal; negative pole
6. nounminus sign; negative sign
7. no-adjectivenegative (image, effect, thinking, etc.); bad
8. no-adjectivenegative (test result)

• Synonym差し引きさしひきNeutralCovers deduction and the balance or settlement left after it, as in 「差し引きゼロ」; 「マイナス」 also means negative numbers and unfavorable effects.
• Synonym控除こうじょWrittenWritten-style term used mainly in tax and accounting for deducting amounts, as in 「医療費控除」; 「マイナス」 is broader, also covering negative effects.
• Synonym赤字あかじNeutralMostly for spending exceeding income, as in 「赤字経営」, also red writing or a teacher's red corrections; 「マイナス」 also covers negative numbers and disadvantages.
• Synonym損そんNeutralEveryday word for being worse off or losing out, as in 「損をする」; 「マイナス」 leans toward numerical decrease and negative effects.
• Synonym欠損けっそんWrittenWritten-style word for a deficit, also for something being partially missing or broken; 「マイナス」 leans toward numerical decrease and negative impact.
• Synonym減法げんぽうWrittenMathematics term for the operation of subtraction; 「マイナス」 is the everyday word and also covers negative numbers, the minus sign, and drawbacks.
• Synonym減算げんざんWrittenUsed mainly in computing and calculation for the subtraction operation; everyday speech says 「引き算」, and 「マイナス」 can also mean negative numbers.
• Related損失そんしつWrittenWritten-style word for loss of assets or profit, also of life or time; 「マイナス」 also means the minus sign and negative numbers.
• RelatedロスNeutralLoanword for waste or loss, as in 「時間のロス」, and for a sense of loss; 「マイナス」 centers on decrease and disadvantage.
• Related差し引くさしひくNeutralA verb for deducting from a total, also for making allowances; 「マイナス」 is mostly a noun, and as a verb one says 「マイナスする」.
• Related差っ引くさっぴくCasualColloquial variant of 「差し引く」 for taking money off; 「マイナス」 also covers negative numbers and disadvantages.
• Related減ずるげんずるWrittenWritten-style verb, both transitive and intransitive, for decreasing or subtracting; everyday speech uses 「減らす」 or 「引く」, while 「マイナス」 is mostly a noun.
• Related差損さそんWrittenAccounting term for a loss from a price difference in trading or exchange, as in 「為替差損」; 「マイナス」 broadly covers negative numbers and losses.
• Related減じるげんじるWrittenThe ichidan-verb form of 「減ずる」, written-style, meaning to decrease or subtract; everyday speech says 「減らす」, and it differs in part of speech from 「マイナス」.
• AntonymプラスNeutralAntonym of 「マイナス」 across addition/subtraction, positive/negative, and advantage/disadvantage: plus, positive numbers, and benefits.

「マイナス」 covers negative numbers, the minus sign, and unfavorable effects. For deducting, use 「差し引く」 (colloquial 「差っ引く」) or 「控除」 in tax and accounting. For losses, 「赤字」 means running in the red, 「損失」 is the formal term, and 「損」 is everyday losing out. 「プラス」 is the antonym.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 「－」の記号きごう、減げん符ふ、負号ふごう。
2. 負債ふさい、不足ふそく、欠損けっそん、赤字あかじ。
3. 陰電気いんでんき、陰極いんきょく。
4. 不利益ふりえき、不利ふり。
5. 陰性いんせい、陰かげ。
6. 減へること、差し引さしひき。