制裁|せいさいseisai[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbsanctions; punishment
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 制裁する（せいさいする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 制裁します（せいさいします） |
| Negative (nai) | 制裁しない（せいさいしない） |
| polite (masen) | 制裁しません（せいさいしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 制裁せず・制裁せぬ（せいさいせず・せいさいせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 制裁した（せいさいした） |
| polite (mashita) | 制裁しました（せいさいしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 制裁しなかった（せいさいしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 制裁しませんでした（せいさいしませんでした） |
| Te form | 制裁して（せいさいして） |
| Potential | 制裁できる（せいさいできる） |
| Passive | 制裁される（せいさいされる） |
| Causative | 制裁させる（せいさいさせる） |
| Causative passive | 制裁させられる（せいさいさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 制裁すれば（せいさいすれば） |
| tara | 制裁したら（せいさいしたら） |
| Volitional | 制裁しよう（せいさいしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 制裁しましょう（せいさいしましょう） |
| Imperative | 制裁しろ（せいさいしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym懲戒ちょうかいFormalFormal term for disciplinary action against civil servants, employees and the like, as in 「懲戒免職」. Internal discipline, not state sanctions.
- SynonymサンクションWrittenWritten-style loanword for sanctions or approval; mostly academic. In everyday speech 「制裁」 is the normal choice.
- Related戒めいましめWrittenWritten-style word for an admonition or lesson meant to prevent wrongdoing, as in 「戒めとする」. Leans toward warning, and is milder than 「制裁」.
- RelatedペナルティーNeutralLoanword for a penalty or fine imposed under rules, e.g. a 「ペナルティー」 in sports; it stays within a rulebook, whereas 「制裁」 is broader punishment of violators.
- Related処分しょぶんNeutralA broad word for handling or disposal; as a punishment it typically means disciplinary action inside an organization, as in 「懲戒処分」.
- Related罰ばちNeutralAs 「ばち」, refers to divine or karmic retribution, as in 「罰が当たる」. It is not a sanction imposed by people or states.
- Related処罰しょばつFormalFormal term for punishing someone under law or rules; leans toward legal procedure. Use it for legal punishment, not economic 「制裁」.
- Related懲罰ちょうばつFormalFormal word for punitive discipline, leaning toward use within an organization or assembly, as in 「懲罰委員会」; 「制裁」 is the usual word for sanctions on violators.
- Related刑罰けいばつFormalFormal term for criminal penalties prescribed by law, as in 「刑罰を科す」. Strictly about criminal justice, not economic measures.
- Relatedお仕置きおしおきCasualColloquial word for punishing a naughty child, as in 「お仕置きだ」. Carries a domestic, family flavor rather than official sanctions.
- Related成敗せいばいWrittenWritten, dated word for punishing or judging wrongdoers, best known from 「喧嘩両成敗」. Carries a strong historical flavor.
- Related懲らしめこらしめNeutralA noun for chastising someone so they suffer for what they did; everyday in tone. Focuses on teaching a lesson, not official sanctions.
- Antonym容認ようにんFormalFormal antonym: approving or allowing something. It is the opposite of 「制裁」, which punishes what is not tolerated.
- Antonym寛容かんようNeutralNeutral antonym: tolerance and open-mindedness toward others' faults. Contrasts with the harshness of imposing 「制裁」.
Use 「制裁」 for punishing violators, especially economic sanctions between countries, as in 「経済制裁」 and 「制裁を科す」. For punishment under law say 「処罰」, for criminal penalties 「刑罰」, for disciplinary action 「懲戒」, and for rule-based penalties in sports 「ペナルティー」. 「罰」 is divine retribution, 「お仕置き」 child discipline, 「戒め」 a milder admonition, 「成敗」 archaic. Antonyms: 「容認」, 「寛容」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
