懲戒|ちょうかいchoukai[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbdiscipline; punishment; reprimand
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 懲戒する（ちょうかいする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 懲戒します（ちょうかいします） |
| Negative (nai) | 懲戒しない（ちょうかいしない） |
| polite (masen) | 懲戒しません（ちょうかいしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 懲戒せず・懲戒せぬ（ちょうかいせず・ちょうかいせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 懲戒した（ちょうかいした） |
| polite (mashita) | 懲戒しました（ちょうかいしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 懲戒しなかった（ちょうかいしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 懲戒しませんでした（ちょうかいしませんでした） |
| Te form | 懲戒して（ちょうかいして） |
| Potential | 懲戒できる（ちょうかいできる） |
| Passive | 懲戒される（ちょうかいされる） |
| Causative | 懲戒させる（ちょうかいさせる） |
| Causative passive | 懲戒させられる（ちょうかいさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 懲戒すれば（ちょうかいすれば） |
| tara | 懲戒したら（ちょうかいしたら） |
| Volitional | 懲戒しよう（ちょうかいしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 懲戒しましょう（ちょうかいしましょう） |
| Imperative | 懲戒しろ（ちょうかいしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym懲罰ちょうばつWrittenWritten register. Punishment meant to deter repeat offences; also sanctions imposed on Diet or assembly members. 懲戒 stresses disciplining misconduct as a warning.
- SynonymペナルティーNeutralNeutral term for a penalty or fine imposed for breaking rules, common in sports contexts. 懲戒 stresses disciplining improper conduct as a warning.
- Synonym処分しょぶんWrittenWritten. Handling or disposing of things, but also punishment. 懲戒 covers only disciplining misconduct — never used for getting rid of old belongings.
- Synonym制裁せいさいFormalFormal. Punishing those who violate rules; also sanctions between nations. 懲戒 stresses disciplining improper conduct as a warning.
- Synonym罰ばつNeutralNeutral, general word for punishment, as in 「罰が当たる」. 懲戒 stresses punishing misconduct as a warning to others.
- Synonym処罰しょばつWrittenWritten. Punishing in the general sense. 懲戒 carries a stronger warning nuance, often means disciplinary action, and can also cover teaching children a lesson.
- Synonym仕置きしおきCasualColloquial. Punishment or discipline; in the Edo period also criminal punishment, especially execution. 懲戒 is more formal, typical for disciplinary action.
- Synonym懲らしめこらしめNeutralNeutral. Teaching someone, child or adult, a hard lesson so they will not repeat the act. 懲戒 is more formal and often refers to discipline within an institution.
- Synonymお仕置きおしおきCasualColloquial. Punishing naughty children — scolding, spanking; also the historical sense of executing criminals. 懲戒 sounds more formal.
- Synonym科罰かばつWrittenWritten. Imposing a punishment or penalty; a rarer literary word — 処罰 is the usual choice. 懲戒 puts more weight on the warning aspect.
- Related刑罰けいばつFormalFormal. Criminal penalties such as fines or imprisonment imposed by the state. 懲戒 does not require the act to be a crime.
- Related戒めいましめWrittenWritten. Admonition or a lesson meant to keep mistakes from happening; also a prohibition or punishment. 懲戒 is about actually punishing misconduct.
- Related成敗せいばいWrittenWritten. Punishing or judging wrongdoing, familiar from set phrases like 「喧嘩両成敗」. 懲戒 is the more common word for disciplinary action.
- Related天罰てんばつWrittenWritten. Punishment or retribution from heaven, as in 「天罰が下る」. 懲戒 is punishment or discipline administered by people.
- Related天誅てんちゅうWrittenWritten. Heaven's punishment, or punishing the wicked on heaven's behalf. 懲戒 carries no such heavenly mandate.
- Antonym表彰ひょうしょうFormalFormal. Publicly honouring good deeds or achievements — the opposite of 懲戒, which deals with misconduct.
- Antonym褒賞ほうしょうFormalFormal. Praise for outstanding work and the prizes or money awarded for it — the opposite of 懲戒, which punishes misconduct.
For disciplinary action an organization takes against a member's misconduct, use 「懲戒」, as in 「懲戒免職」. For punishment meant to deter repeat offences, use 「懲罰」; for punishment in general, 「罰」 or 「処罰」; for criminal penalties, 「刑罰」. The opposites are 「表彰」 and 「褒賞」. Other words cover narrower ground: game penalties (「ペナルティー」), punishing naughty children (「お仕置き」), teaching anyone a hard lesson (「懲らしめ」), heavenly retribution (「天罰」, 「天誅」), and more.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
