嘆願・歎願|たんがんtangan[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
嘆願嘆願 is the most common written form and is written entirely in kanji. Use it when you need to write this word.
歎願歎願 is a rarely used kanji-only alternative to 嘆願, so you will seldom see it and should not normally choose it.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbentreaty; appeal; petition
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 嘆願する（たんがんする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 嘆願します（たんがんします） |
| Negative (nai) | 嘆願しない（たんがんしない） |
| polite (masen) | 嘆願しません（たんがんしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 嘆願せず・嘆願せぬ（たんがんせず・たんがんせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 嘆願した（たんがんした） |
| polite (mashita) | 嘆願しました（たんがんしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 嘆願しなかった（たんがんしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 嘆願しませんでした（たんがんしませんでした） |
| Te form | 嘆願して（たんがんして） |
| Potential | 嘆願できる（たんがんできる） |
| Passive | 嘆願される（たんがんされる） |
| Causative | 嘆願させる（たんがんさせる） |
| Causative passive | 嘆願させられる（たんがんさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 嘆願すれば（たんがんすれば） |
| tara | 嘆願したら（たんがんしたら） |
| Volitional | 嘆願しよう（たんがんしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 嘆願しましょう（たんがんしましょう） |
| Imperative | 嘆願しろ（たんがんしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym懇請こんせいWrittenWritten word for an earnest, formal request; 「嘆願」adds the nuance of laying out one's hardships and pleading for sympathy.
- Synonym懇願こんがんWrittenEarnest pleading from the heart, very close to 「嘆願」; 「嘆願」is the one commonly seen in 「嘆願書」(written petitions).
- Synonym請願せいがんFormalFormal word for petitioning the state or a local authority; 「嘆願」usually means pleading on someone's behalf.
- Synonym陳情ちんじょうFormalFormal word for presenting the actual situation to the government or lawmakers and asking them to act; 「嘆願」has a pleading, imploring tone.
- Synonym要請ようせいFormalFormal, standard word for an official request or call to act, as in 「出動を要請」; it lacks the begging, imploring tone that 「嘆願」 carries.
- Synonym頼むたのむNeutralNeutral, everyday verb for asking or requesting — the most common choice; 「嘆願」is earnest and solemn.
- Synonym頼みたのみCasualColloquial noun for a request or favor, common in everyday speech; 「嘆願」is earnest and formal.
- Synonym哀願あいがんWrittenWritten word for piteous, desperate begging with stronger emotion; 「嘆願」centers on stating the circumstances and making an earnest plea.
- Synonym切願せつがんWrittenWritten word for fervent entreaty or longing, rarely used; 「嘆願」carries the nuance of explaining one's plight and asking for understanding.
- Related願うねがうNeutralNeutral verb covering wishing, requesting and praying — the most general option; 「嘆願」is more earnest and intense.
- Related頼みたのみCasualColloquial noun for a request or favor, common in everyday speech; 「嘆願」is earnest and formal.
- Related頼み込むたのみこむNeutralNeutral verb for earnestly, persistently begging someone; 「嘆願」is more written and involves stating one's case.
- Related哀訴あいそWrittenWritten word for a sorrowful appeal or lament; 「嘆願」focuses on the request itself.
- Related願い求めるねがいもとめるWrittenWritten verb for strongly entreating someone; rare, whereas 「嘆願」is far more common.
- Related懇望こんもうWrittenWritten word for earnestly hoping or requesting, as in 「出席を懇望する」; rare; 「嘆願」leans toward pleading one's hardships.
- Antonym拒否きょひNeutralNeutral antonym: refusing or rejecting a request, the opposite of 「嘆願」.
- Antonym却下きゃっかFormalFormal antonym: dismissing or rejecting an application or lawsuit, the opposite of 「嘆願」.
For everyday requests, use 「頼む」 or 「願う」. For earnest pleading, as in 「減刑の嘆願書」, choose 「嘆願」 or 「懇願」. To petition a government body, use 「請願」 or 「陳情」; 「要請」 is the standard formal call for action, as in 「出動を要請」. 「哀願」 is more piteous; 「拒否」 and 「却下」 are the opposites, refusal and dismissal.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
See also
