宇宙|うちゅうuchuu[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N3approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noununiverse; cosmos; space
    宇宙うちゅうには限かぎりはない。↗
    There is no limit to the universe.
Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym宇宙空間うちゅうくうかんNeutralRefers specifically to space beyond the atmosphere, as in 「宇宙空間に出る」; 「宇宙」 can also mean the whole of space-time embracing everything.
  • Synonym大宇宙だいうちゅうWrittenA written term for the universe itself, set against man as the 「小宇宙」, with a philosophical, literary flavor; everyday speech just says 「宇宙」.
  • SynonymコスモスNeutralMostly names the cosmos flower; when it means the universe, it carries the nuance of an ordered world and appears in philosophy and titles.
  • SynonymユニバースNeutralA loanword seen mostly in proper names and work titles; everyday speech uses 「宇宙」, and this is rarely used on its own.
  • SynonymマクロコスモスWrittenA philosophical term for the macrocosm, contrasted with the human microcosm; not used in daily life—「宇宙」 is all you need.
  • Related天地てんちWrittenA traditional written term for heaven and earth, the whole world, or a realm, as in 「新天地」; 「宇宙」 is the scientific, astronomical word.
  • Related万物ばんぶつWrittenA written word for all things existing in the universe, with the emphasis on those things; 「宇宙」 denotes space and time themselves.
  • Related森羅万象しんらばんしょうWrittenA four-character idiom, strongly literary, for all things and phenomena of nature; 「宇宙」 refers to space as a whole.
  • Related万有ばんゆうWrittenA written word for everything in the universe, best known from 「万有引力」; it does not refer to space itself.
  • Related六合りくごうWrittenAn archaic, Chinese-classical word for heaven, earth and the four directions—the whole universe; not used in everyday speech.
  • Antonym地上ちじょうNeutralMeans the ground's surface or this world, standing opposite to the extraterrestrial space of 「宇宙」.

For space and astronomy, 「宇宙」 is the default. Use 「宇宙空間」 for the region beyond the atmosphere and 「万物」 or 「森羅万象」 for all things. 「ユニバース」 turns up in titles and proper names; 「大宇宙」 and 「マクロコスモス」 are philosophical; 「天地」 is traditional, 「六合」 archaic; 「コスモス」 usually names a flower, 「万有」 survives in 「万有引力」; 「地上」 is the ground-level opposite.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. あらゆる事物じぶつを包含ほうがんする空間くうかんの広ひろがり(宇さかい)、および時間じかんのひろがり(宙ちゅう)。時空じくうの概念がいねんに相当そうとうする。
  2. ピタゴラス学派がくはの提起ていきした、混沌(カオス)こんとんの概念がいねんに対立たいりつする、秩序ちつじょある調和ちょうわのとれた世界せかい。
  3. 全体ぜんたいとしての一ひとつのまとまった世界せかい。森羅万象しんらばんしょう。
  4. 天文学てんもんがく、天体てんたい物理学ぶつりがく、宇宙うちゅう科学かがくなど、それぞれの分野ぶんやで定義ていぎされる空間くうかん。
  5. 宇宙うちゅう空間くうかんの通称つうしょう。大体だいたいのところ地表ちひょうから約やく100km(カルマン線せん)より高こう高度こうどをいう。スペース。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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