悲嘆・悲歎|ひたんhitan[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
悲嘆悲嘆 is the more common written form and the one learners are most likely to encounter. It expresses grief, sorrow, anguish, or lamentation without a separate nuance from 悲歎.
悲歎悲歎 is a rarely used alternative written form of 悲嘆. You will seldom see it, and it does not indicate a different meaning or emotional nuance.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbgrief; sorrow; anguish; lamentation
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 悲嘆する（ひたんする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 悲嘆します（ひたんします） |
| Negative (nai) | 悲嘆しない（ひたんしない） |
| polite (masen) | 悲嘆しません（ひたんしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 悲嘆せず・悲嘆せぬ（ひたんせず・ひたんせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 悲嘆した（ひたんした） |
| polite (mashita) | 悲嘆しました（ひたんしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 悲嘆しなかった（ひたんしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 悲嘆しませんでした（ひたんしませんでした） |
| Te form | 悲嘆して（ひたんして） |
| Potential | 悲嘆できる（ひたんできる） |
| Passive | 悲嘆される（ひたんされる） |
| Causative | 悲嘆させる（ひたんさせる） |
| Causative passive | 悲嘆させられる（ひたんさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 悲嘆すれば（ひたんすれば） |
| tara | 悲嘆したら（ひたんしたら） |
| Volitional | 悲嘆しよう（ひたんしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 悲嘆しましょう（ひたんしましょう） |
| Imperative | 悲嘆しろ（ひたんしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym悲しむかなしむNeutralThe everyday verb for feeling sad. 「悲嘆」 is a written word for a far deeper state of grief and lamentation, as in 「悲嘆に暮れる」.
- Synonym嘆くなげくNeutralVerb for voicing sorrow or discontent aloud in sighs; it can also mean lamenting the way of the world. More common than 「悲嘆」.
- Synonym悲しみかなしみNeutralThe most ordinary noun for a feeling of sadness; it does not necessarily involve the sighing, lamenting grief of 「悲嘆」.
- Synonym悔やむくやむNeutralVerb for regretting one's own actions, and also for mourning the dead, where no regret is implied. 「悲嘆」 is grief with lamentation.
- Synonym悲しがるかなしがるNeutralMeans showing signs of sadness, mostly used of other people. 「悲嘆」 describes a far deeper state of grief and lamentation.
- Related弔うとむらうNeutralVerb for mourning a person's death, condoling with the bereaved, or holding a memorial service. 「悲嘆」 is not limited to death.
- Related悼むいたむNeutralVerb for mourning the dead; used specifically of a person's death, so its object is more clearly defined than that of 「悲嘆」.
- Related憂いうれいWrittenWritten noun for melancholy or worry, often carrying anxiety about the future rather than pure sadness.
- Related憂い事うれいごとWrittenWritten and rare; refers to events that cause sorrow and distress, focusing on the event itself rather than the feeling of grief.
- Related嘆じるたんじるWrittenWritten and rare verb for sighing or lamenting; it can express either grief or admiration, a sense 「悲嘆」 never has.
- Related嘆ずるたんずるWrittenWritten verb, the -zuru form of 「嘆じる」; it means to lament and can also express indignation, which 「悲嘆」 does not cover.
- Related憂えうれえWrittenArchaic, elegant noun for sorrowful lamentation, now rare; in everyday speech one would say 「嘆き」.
- Related苦悶くもんNeutralNoun for writhing in agony; it stresses physical or mental torment rather than sadness.
- Antonym歓喜かんきNeutralAntonym: wild, exuberant joy, the opposite of the utter grief of 「悲嘆」.
- Antonym喜悦きえつWrittenWritten noun for heartfelt joy; the opposite of 「悲嘆」.
- Antonym欣快きんかいWrittenWritten and rare noun for pleasant delight; the opposite of 「悲嘆」.
For everyday sadness use 「悲しむ」 or 「悲しみ」. 「悲嘆」 is a written word for deep grief with lamentation, as in 「悲嘆に暮れる」. To mourn the dead, use 「悼む」 or 「弔う」; the other verbs and nouns differ in nuance as noted above.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
- 悲しみ嘆くこと。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
