捨てる・棄てる|すてるsuteru[0]heiban (flat)

1. ichidan verb, transitive verbto throw away; to cast away; to dump; to discard
   私はあなたの皮肉ひにくな言葉ことばは聞き捨ききずてにはできません。↗

   I resent your cynical remarks.
2. ichidan verb, transitive verbto abandon; to desert; to leave
3. ichidan verb, transitive verbto give up; to resign
4. ichidan verb, transitive verb, goto sacrifice (stones)

• Synonym投げ捨てるなげすてるNeutralTo throw something away with a casual toss, as in 「吸い殻を投げ捨てる」; the stress is on how offhand the throwing motion is.
• Synonym遺棄いきWrittenWritten/formal word for abandonment, as in 「死体遺棄」「子の遺棄」; mostly seen in legal and criminal contexts.
• Synonym廃棄はいきWrittenWritten/formal word for disposing of something as waste, as in 「廃棄処分」; the focus is on scrapping it as useless.
• Synonym投棄とうきWrittenWritten/formal word for discarding or dumping, as in 「不法投棄」「海洋投棄」; 「捨てる」 is the everyday equivalent.
• Synonym見捨てるみすてるNeutralTo leave a person in trouble unattended, as in 「友を見捨てる」; carries a tone of moral condemnation.
• Synonym手放すてばなすNeutralTo let go of or hand something over, as in 「家を手放す」; the point is no longer owning it, which need not mean throwing it away.
• Synonym脱ぎ捨てるぬぎすてるNeutralTo pull off and toss aside clothes or shoes, or figuratively to shed old ideas or habits, as in 「殻を脱ぎ捨てる」.
• Synonym打ち捨てるうちすてるNeutralAn emphatic way to say you abandon something and leave it unattended, as in 「打ち捨てられた村」; carries a stronger sense of desolation than 「捨てる」.
• Synonym捨て去るすてさるWrittenWritten/formal: to discard something completely, as in 「過去を捨て去る」; the nuance is casting it off once and for all, never to return.
• SynonymうっちゃるCasualColloquial: to toss something aside and leave it be, as in 「仕事を打っちゃる」; has the rough feel of flinging a thing down and walking off.
• SynonymほかすCasualKansai dialect for 「捨てる」: to throw something away, as in 「これほかしといて」.
• Related見放すみはなすNeutralTo give up on someone in trouble and stop helping, as in 「医者に見放される」; the object is usually a person.
• Related放棄ほうきWrittenWritten/formal word for giving up a right or duty, as in 「権利を放棄する」; the stress is on choosing not to exercise it.
• Related見限るみかぎるNeutralTo give up on someone or something judged to be hopeless, as in 「会社を見限る」; the nuance is disappointment.
• Related放り出すほうりだすNeutralTo throw something out, or to drop a task and walk off halfway, as in 「仕事を放り出す」; the nuance is giving up mid-course.
• Related振り捨てるふりすてるNeutralTo shake something off and walk away from it, as in 「未練を振り捨てる」; severing a tie or attachment and leaving it behind.
• Related取り捨てるとりすてるNeutralTo take unwanted things and throw them out; fairly rare and basically the same as 「捨てる」, so in daily speech just say 「捨てる」.
• Related投げ打つなげうつWrittenWritten/formal word for sacrificing something precious for another end, as in 「命をなげうつ」「私財をなげうつ」.
• Relatedかなぐり捨てるかなぐりすてるWrittenWritten/formal word for flinging something off outright, as in 「体面をかなぐり捨てる」; the nuance is casting it aside regardless of everything.
• Antonym拾うひろうNeutralAntonym: to pick up something that has fallen or been dropped, as in 「ごみを拾う」.
• Antonym保存ほぞんNeutralAntonym: to keep something intact and well preserved, as in 「データを保存する」; common in everyday use as well.
• Antonym取っておくとっておくCasualColloquial antonym: to set something aside to keep for later, as in 「お菓子を取っておく」.

For throwing things away or giving up, 「捨てる」 is the everyday default. In formal prose, use 「廃棄」 for scrapping things as waste, 「投棄」 for dumping or discarding, 「遺棄」 for abandonment (often legal), and 「放棄」 for renouncing rights or duties. To leave a person in the lurch, say 「見捨てる」; to part with something you own, 「手放す」. The opposite of throwing away is 「拾う」, to pick up.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 不要ふようなものを手放てばなす。
2. ほうっておく。すておく。みすてる。一方的いっぽうてきに別わかれる。あきらめる。