撫でる|なでるnaderu[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N2approx.Common
Definitions
  1. ichidan verb, transitive verbto stroke; to caress; to brush gently; to pat; to rub
    母はははため息いきをつきながら、高校こうこう一いち年生ねんせいにもなった息子むすこの頭あたまをがしがしと撫なでた。↗
    Mom sighed, and tousled the hair of her first-year high school son's head.
  2. ichidan verb, transitive verbto comb (hair); to smooth down
Conjugation
Dictionary form撫でる(なでる)
Polite (masu)撫でます(なでます)
Negative (nai)撫でない(なでない)
polite (masen)撫でません(なでません)
classical zu / nu撫でず・撫でぬ(なでず・なでぬ)
Past (ta)撫でた(なでた)
polite (mashita)撫でました(なでました)
Past negative (nakatta)撫でなかった(なでなかった)
polite (masen deshita)撫でませんでした(なでませんでした)
Te form撫でて(なでて)
Potential撫でられる(なでられる)
Passive撫でられる(なでられる)
Causative撫でさせる(なでさせる)
Causative passive撫でさせられる(なでさせられる)
Conditional (ba)撫でれば(なでれば)
tara撫でたら(なでたら)
Volitional撫でよう(なでよう)
polite (mashou)撫でましょう(なでましょう)
Imperative撫でろ(なでろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym撫で回すなでまわすNeutralStroking back and forth, all over, sometimes with a creepy, lecherous feel; 「撫でる」 is a light, gentle stroke.
  • Synonymかき撫でるかきなでるWrittenWritten/formal prose: smoothing or combing down with the hand, with an old-fashioned air; 「撫でる」 is the everyday word.
  • SynonymなでさするNeutralGentle stroking and rubbing that conveys fondness; 「撫でる」 is the more general term.
  • Synonym撫するぶするWrittenWritten/formal prose for stroking, and rare; in ordinary use say 「撫でる」.
  • Synonym愛撫あいぶNeutralA noun for caressing or fondling, with intimate or sexual overtones; 「撫でる」 is more neutral.
  • Antonym叩くたたくNeutralPatting, tapping or knocking; the opposite of the light stroking of 「撫でる」.
  • Antonym殴るなぐるNeutralTo hit or beat someone; the violent opposite of the tender stroking of 「撫でる」.

To stroke something gently with your hand, use 「撫でる」, as in 「頭を撫でる」. For stroking all over use 「撫で回す」, for caressing 「愛撫」, for patting or striking 「叩く」, for beating 「殴る」. かき撫でる, 撫でさする and 撫する are rarer variants for smoothing, fond rubbing and formal prose.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 掌てのひらや指先ゆびさきを物ものの表面ひょうめんに軽かるく滑すべらせる。
  2. 物ものや風かぜが軽かるく触ふれる。
  3. 表面ひょうめんをなぞる。簡単かんたんに読み飛よみとばす。
  4. 髪かみに櫛くしを入いれる。
  5. なだめる。
  6. いたわる。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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