断固・断乎|だんこdanko[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. taru-adjective, adverb (with と)firm; determined; resolute; conclusive
   私は家いえにとどまるようにと彼かれらに懸命けんめいに言いったが、彼かれらは断固だんことして私の意見いけんに耳みみを傾かたむけようとはしなかった。↗

   I tried hard to make them stay home, but they refused to listen to me.

• Synonym確固かっこWrittenWritten/formal prose. Describes unwavering beliefs or stances, as in 「確固たる信念」; 「断固」 is about acting or opposing with firm resolve.
• Synonym断然だんぜんNeutralAn adverb meaning flatly or absolutely, and also 'by far'; 「断固」 stresses an unyielding, resolute attitude.
• SynonymきっぱりCasualColloquial. Describes doing or saying something clearly and decisively, as in 「きっぱり断る」「きっぱりやめる」; 「断固」 is tougher and more forceful.
• Synonym頑としてがんとしてWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means stubbornly refusing to budge, with a negative tinge; 「断固」 is resolute and decisive.
• Synonym果断かだんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Describes making up one's mind and acting boldly; 「断固」 stresses not giving in.
• Synonym強硬きょうこうNeutralMeans hardline and unyielding, as in 「強硬姿勢」; 「断固」 is mostly used adverbially.
• Related果敢かかんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Describes bold, daring action; 「断固」 is about standing firm and not yielding.
• Related剛毅ごうきWrittenWritten/formal prose. Describes fortitude and unyielding character; 「断固」 stresses a resolute attitude.
• Related敢然かんぜんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means boldly and resolutely going ahead with an action, as in 「敢然と立ち向かう」; 「断固」 stresses refusing to compromise.
• Antonym優柔不断ゆうじゅうふだんWrittenWritten/formal prose. A four-character idiom for indecisiveness; the direct opposite of 「断固」.
• AntonymためらいNeutralHesitation or wavering; the opposite of the resolute 「断固」.

Use 「断固」 to act or oppose with firm resolve, as in 「断固反対」 or 「断固として」. For unwavering conviction choose 「確固」, for flat refusals 「きっぱり」, for a hardline stance 「強硬」; the opposite is 「優柔不断」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. きっぱり。決意けついが固かたいさま。
2. きっぱりと。決意けついが固かたいさま。