硬直|こうちょくkouchoku[0]heiban (flat)
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- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbstiffening; rigidity; rigor; stiffness; ossification; petrification
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 硬直する(こうちょくする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 硬直します(こうちょくします) |
| Negative (nai) | 硬直しない(こうちょくしない) |
| polite (masen) | 硬直しません(こうちょくしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 硬直せず・硬直せぬ(こうちょくせず・こうちょくせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 硬直した(こうちょくした) |
| polite (mashita) | 硬直しました(こうちょくしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 硬直しなかった(こうちょくしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 硬直しませんでした(こうちょくしませんでした) |
| Te form | 硬直して(こうちょくして) |
| Potential | 硬直できる(こうちょくできる) |
| Passive | 硬直される(こうちょくされる) |
| Causative | 硬直させる(こうちょくさせる) |
| Causative passive | 硬直させられる(こうちょくさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 硬直すれば(こうちょくすれば) |
| tara | 硬直したら(こうちょくしたら) |
| Volitional | 硬直しよう(こうちょくしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 硬直しましょう(こうちょくしましょう) |
| Imperative | 硬直しろ(こうちょくしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- SynonymこわばるCasualColloquial verb for stiffening from tension or cold, as in 「顔がこわばる」; 「硬直」 is more written and also covers rigid institutions or thinking.
- Synonym固まるかたまるCasualColloquial verb for hardening or solidifying, and also for a plan being settled or finalized.
- Synonym凝るこるCasualColloquial verb read しこる for muscles or lumps turning hard and knotted; rare. 「肩が凝る」 is read こる.
- Synonym強直きょうちょくWrittenWritten medical term for muscular rigidity, as in 「強直性痙攣」; more technical than 「硬直」.
- Related硬化こうかNeutralMeans physical hardening, and also a hardening of attitude, as in 「態度が硬化する」.
- Related固化こかWrittenWritten term for solidification of substances, also for expressions or attitudes stiffening; close in sense to 「硬直」.
- Related凝るしこるCasualColloquial verb read しこる for muscles or lumps turning hard and knotted; rare. 「肩が凝る」 is read こる.
- Related剛性ごうせいWrittenWritten engineering term for stiffness or rigidity as a material property, not a change of state.
- Related硬結こうけつWrittenWritten medical term for tissue hardening into a lump; rare.
- Related固結こけつWrittenWritten, technical term for soil or powder hardening and clumping together.
- Antonym柔軟じゅうなんNeutralNeutral antonym: soft and flexible, the opposite of the stiffness of 「硬直」.
- AntonymしなやかCasualColloquial antonym: supple and gracefully flexible, the opposite of the stiffness of 「硬直」.
Use 「硬直」 for bodily stiffness and rigid institutions or thinking, as in 「死後硬直」 and 「硬直した組織」. Say 「こわばる」 for stiffening from tension and 「硬化」 for a hardening attitude; the opposite is 「柔軟」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


