固まる|かたまるkatamaru[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- godan verb, intransitive verbto harden; to solidify
- godan verb, intransitive verbto become firm; to become certain
- godan verb, intransitive verbto gather (together); to assemble; to huddle together
- godan verb, intransitive verb, computingto freeze; to hang; to stop responding
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 固まる（かたまる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 固まります（かたまります） |
| Negative (nai) | 固まらない（かたまらない） |
| polite (masen) | 固まりません（かたまりません） |
| classical zu / nu | 固まらず・固まらぬ（かたまらず・かたまらぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 固まった（かたまった） |
| polite (mashita) | 固まりました（かたまりました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 固まらなかった（かたまらなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 固まりませんでした（かたまりませんでした） |
| Te form | 固まって（かたまって） |
| Potential | 固まれる（かたまれる） |
| Passive | 固まられる（かたまられる） |
| Causative | 固まらせる（かたまらせる） |
| Causative passive | 固まらせられる・固まらされる（かたまらせられる・かたまらされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 固まれば（かたまれば） |
| tara | 固まったら（かたまったら） |
| Volitional | 固まろう（かたまろう） |
| polite (mashou) | 固まりましょう（かたまりましょう） |
| Imperative | 固まれ（かたまれ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Transitive / intransitive pair
ゼリーが固まる
固まる describes something becoming firm or solid on its own, while 固める describes an agent deliberately causing something to become firm or solid.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym固化こかWrittenWritten/formal prose for solidification, as in 「樹脂が固化する」; typical of the chemical industry rather than everyday speech.
- Synonym硬化こうかNeutralNeutral. Hardening of a substance, or of an attitude, as in 「動脈硬化」「態度が硬化する」; the hardline-attitude sense goes beyond 固まる.
- Synonym硬直こうちょくNeutralNeutral. Stiffening of the body, as in 「死後硬直」, or rigid thinking, as in 「硬直した組織」; not for liquids or settling plans.
- SynonymこごるNeutralNeutral. A liquid cools into a jelly, as in 「煮汁がこごる」; its objects are mostly liquids, a narrower range than 固まる.
- Related固結こけつWrittenWritten/formal prose for consolidation or caking, mostly in geology and medicine; rare in everyday use.
- RelatedこごるNeutralNeutral. A liquid cools into a jelly, as in 「煮汁がこごる」; its objects are mostly liquids, a narrower range than 固まる.
- Related硬結こうけつWrittenFormal term for hardened tissue, as in 「皮膚の硬結」; mostly medical, not for cement, plans or crowds.
- Antonym溶けるとけるNeutralNeutral. To melt, thaw or dissolve — the direct opposite of 固まる's hardening and solidifying.
Use 「固まる」 for liquids hardening, plans or opinions being settled, or people gathering, as in 「セメントが固まる」「方針が固まる」. For chemical solidification pick 「固化」, for hardening or a hardening attitude 「硬化」, for bodily stiffness 「硬直」; the opposite is 「溶ける」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
