破棄・破毀|はきhaki[1]atamadaka (head-high)
This browser can't play pronunciations (needs Safari 18.4 or later, or Chrome / Edge / Firefox).
Which spelling to use
破棄破棄 is the most common written form, used for meanings including tearing up and discarding documents, destruction, annulment, and cancellation.
破毀破毀 is a rarely used kanji form of this word, so learners will seldom encounter it; use 破棄 instead.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbtearing up and discarding (e.g. documents); destruction
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbannulment; cancellation; abrogation; voiding; breaking (e.g. a treaty)
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbreversal (of an original ruling on appeal); quashing
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 破棄する（はきする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 破棄します（はきします） |
| Negative (nai) | 破棄しない（はきしない） |
| polite (masen) | 破棄しません（はきしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 破棄せず・破棄せぬ（はきせず・はきせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 破棄した（はきした） |
| polite (mashita) | 破棄しました（はきしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 破棄しなかった（はきしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 破棄しませんでした（はきしませんでした） |
| Te form | 破棄して（はきして） |
| Potential | 破棄できる（はきできる） |
| Passive | 破棄される（はきされる） |
| Causative | 破棄させる（はきさせる） |
| Causative passive | 破棄させられる（はきさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 破棄すれば（はきすれば） |
| tara | 破棄したら（はきしたら） |
| Volitional | 破棄しよう（はきしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 破棄しましょう（はきしましょう） |
| Imperative | 破棄しろ（はきしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym廃棄はいきWrittenWritten. For scrapping or discarding things, as in 「産業廃棄物」; the focus is disposing of waste, while 破棄 centers on tearing up documents or voiding contracts.
- Synonym解消かいしょうNeutralNeutral. For dissolving relationships or arrangements, as in 「婚約解消」; the nuance is eliminating something, not tearing it up.
- Related撤廃てっぱいWrittenWritten. For abolishing systems and rules, as in 「関税撤廃」; it centers on canceling restrictions, unlike 破棄.
- Related廃止はいしWrittenWritten. For discontinuing systems, services or routes, as in 「廃止路線」; it ends something's operation rather than destroying documents or voiding contracts.
- Related撤回てっかいWrittenWritten. For retracting statements or proposals, as in 「発言を撤回」; you take back what you said or offered, which 破棄 does not cover.
- Related廃するはいするWrittenA written-style verb: to abolish or depose, as in 「王を廃する」; unlike 破棄, it can mean removing a person from a position.
- Antonym修復しゅうふくWrittenWritten. Antonym: repairing damaged things to their original state, as in 「文化財の修復」; the opposite of destroying.
- Antonym復元ふくげんNeutralNeutral. Antonym: restoring something to its original state, as in 「データ復元」; the reverse of destroying it.
- Antonym保存ほぞんNeutralNeutral. Antonym: keeping things intact for later, as in 「書類を保存」; the opposite of destroying them.
Use 「破棄」 for tearing up documents, voiding a contract, or overturning a ruling on appeal, as in 「契約破棄」 and 「書類を破棄する」. For discarding waste choose 「廃棄」, for lifting restrictions 「撤廃」, for abolishing systems 「廃止」, and for retracting a statement 「撤回」; to keep something, use 「保存」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
