How to say "extend" in Japanese

• 伸びるのびるJLPT N3approx.Common
  ichidan verb, intransitive verbCovers 'extend' in the sense of something growing or stretching longer in itself, such as hair, height, or a road. It is intransitive: the thing lengthens on its own or over time.
• 広がるひろがるJLPT N3approx.Common
  godan verb, intransitive verbUsed when something extends in the sense of spreading out over an area, like a view, plains, or a city. Intransitive: the expanse widens or reaches outward by itself.
  うわさは四方しほう八方はっぽうに広ひろがった。↗

  The rumor spread far and wide.
• 広げるひろげるJLPT N2approx.Common
  ichidan verb, transitive verbThe transitive counterpart of spreading and extending outward: someone enlarges or spreads something, such as unfolding a map or expanding a shop's floor space. Use it when an agent does the extending.
• 連なるつらなるJLPT N1approx.Common
  godan verb, intransitive verbMeans to extend or stretch out in a continuous line or row, as mountains, houses, or pages of writing do. If 'extend' describes a line of things rather than a growing or spreading area, this is the word.
• 差し出すさしだすJLPT N1approx.Common
  godan verb, transitive verbLimited to physically extending or holding something out toward another person, most typically a hand or an object. For any other sense of 'extend' this is not the word you want.
  赤ん坊あかんぼうは小ちいさな手てを差し出さしだした。↗

  The baby held out his tiny hand.

Use 「伸びる」 for things physically stretching or growing longer, 「広がる」/「広げる」 for area spreading (intransitive/transitive), 「連なる」 for things extending in a line, and 「差し出す」 only for extending a hand or object toward someone.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 伸びるのびるto stretch
• 広がるひろがるto spread (out)
• 広げるひろげるto spread
• 連なるつらなるto extend
• 差し出すさしだすto hold out
• 差し伸べるさしのべるto hold out
• 申し上げるもうしあげるto say
• 及ぶおよぶto reach
• 及ぼすおよぼすto exert (influence)
• のすto stretch
• 継ぎ足すつぎたすto extend (e.g. a house)
• 建て増すたてますto extend (building)
• 押し広げるおしひろげるto extend
• 押し広めるおしひろめるto spread
• おっぴろげるto spread
• わたるto extend
• 伸ばすのばすto lengthen
• 広めるひろめるto broaden
• 延べるのべるto postpone
• ひらくto extend
• 走るはしるto run (through; of a road, street, etc.)
• 回るまわるto spread