散る|ちるchiru[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- godan verb, intransitive verbto fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves)
- godan verb, intransitive verbto scatter; to be dispersed
- godan verb, intransitive verbto disappear; to dissolve; to break up
- godan verb, intransitive verbto spread; to run; to blur
- godan verb, intransitive verbto die a noble death
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 散る（ちる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 散ります（ちります） |
| Negative (nai) | 散らない（ちらない） |
| polite (masen) | 散りません（ちりません） |
| classical zu / nu | 散らず・散らぬ（ちらず・ちらぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 散った（ちった） |
| polite (mashita) | 散りました（ちりました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 散らなかった（ちらなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 散りませんでした（ちりませんでした） |
| Te form | 散って（ちって） |
| Potential | 散れる（ちれる） |
| Passive | 散られる（ちられる） |
| Causative | 散らせる（ちらせる） |
| Causative passive | 散らせられる・散らされる（ちらせられる・ちらされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 散れば（ちれば） |
| tara | 散ったら（ちったら） |
| Volitional | 散ろう（ちろう） |
| polite (mashou) | 散りましょう（ちりましょう） |
| Imperative | 散れ（ちれ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Transitive / intransitive pair
桜が散る
散る (intransitive) emphasizes the natural scattering of something like cherry blossoms (桜が散る), while 散らす (transitive) focuses on an agent causing scattering (花を散らす).
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym分散ぶんさんNeutralNeutral, objective term for dividing into parts, as in 「リスク分散」; 「散る」 is a native word that also covers falling blossoms and scattered attention.
- Synonym散らばるちらばるNeutralFor things lying scattered about, stressing the mess; 「散る」 stresses falling, as of petals and leaves.
- Related四散しさんWrittenWritten word for scattering in all directions; 「散る」 also covers the falling of blossoms and leaves.
- Related散じるさんじるWrittenWritten-style word for dispersing or leaving, also for squandering money; 「散る」 is more common and also refers to falling blossoms and leaves.
- Related散ずるさんずるWrittenLiterary form used in formal prose for dispersing or squandering; 「散る」 is more common and also covers falling blossoms and leaves.
- Antonym集まるあつまるNeutralAntonym: to gather or assemble, the opposite of 「散る」 as dispersing.
- Antonym咲くさくNeutralAntonym: to bloom, the opposite of 「散る」 as petals falling.
Use 「散る」 for falling blossoms or leaves, crowds dispersing, and losing focus, as in 「桜が散る」「気が散る」. For things lying scattered about, use 「散らばる」; for spreading risk, 「分散」; for gathering, 「集まる」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
See also
