凝った|こったkotta

1. prenominal modifierelaborate; exquisite; ornate; refined; sophisticated
   凝こった彫刻ちょうこくのしてある鞘さやに収おさまった長剣ちょうけん。↗

   A longsword sheathed in an intricately engraved scabbard.

• Synonym精巧せいこうNeutralFine, clever workmanship; used mostly of crafts and machinery. 「凝った」 instead stresses the ingenuity and care put into making something.
• Synonym巧緻こうちWrittenA written word for work that is both elaborate and meticulous. In everyday speech, 「精巧」 or 「凝った」 is the natural choice.
• Related緻密ちみつNeutralDetailed and rigorous; also describes thorough plans and careful thinking. It stresses fineness of detail, while 「凝った」 stresses the effort involved.
• Related芸術的げいじゅつてきNeutralMeans artistic, as in 「芸術的な作品」. It centers on aesthetic appeal, while 「凝った」 highlights the care and particularity of the making.
• Related美的びてきWrittenA written, academic term meaning aesthetic, as in 「美的感覚」; it does not describe careful, elaborate workmanship.
• Related精妙せいみょうWrittenA written word for something precise and ingeniously made. 「凝った」 focuses on the ingenuity and effort invested, so the two stress different points.
• RelatedアーティスティックNeutralA loanword for something with an artistic feel; common in design and fashion promotion. It does not stress the effort behind the work.
• Antonym簡素なNeutralSimple and unadorned; the opposite of 「凝った」 with its fondness for elaborate decoration.
• Antonym粗末なNeutralRough and crudely made, with a shabby, down-at-heel feel; the opposite of the carefully made 「凝った」.

Use 「凝った」 for dishes, designs and the like that show ingenuity and care. For fine workmanship say 「精巧」, and for thorough plans or thinking 「緻密」. 「芸術的」 and 「アーティスティック」 stress artistic appeal; 「美的」 and 「精妙」 are written-style terms. The opposites are 「簡素な」 and 「粗末な」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 細こまかい工夫くふうや手間てまをかけて、上品じょうひんで立派りっぱに作つくられているさま。