唱える|となえるtonaeru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- ichidan verb, transitive verbto recite; to chant
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto cry; to yell; to shout
- ichidan verb, transitive verbto advocate; to advance; to preach; to insist
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 唱える(となえる) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 唱えます(となえます) |
| Negative (nai) | 唱えない(となえない) |
| polite (masen) | 唱えません(となえません) |
| classical zu / nu | 唱えず・唱えぬ(となえず・となえぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 唱えた(となえた) |
| polite (mashita) | 唱えました(となえました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 唱えなかった(となえなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 唱えませんでした(となえませんでした) |
| Te form | 唱えて(となえて) |
| Potential | 唱えられる(となえられる) |
| Passive | 唱えられる(となえられる) |
| Causative | 唱えさせる(となえさせる) |
| Causative passive | 唱えさせられる(となえさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 唱えれば(となえれば) |
| tara | 唱えたら(となえたら) |
| Volitional | 唱えよう(となえよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 唱えましょう(となえましょう) |
| Imperative | 唱えろ(となえろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym誦するしょうするWrittenWritten/formal prose: recites poems, texts and sutras aloud. Unlike 「唱える」, it does not cover putting forward a claim.
- Synonym吟じるぎんじるWrittenWritten/formal prose: recites Chinese poems and waka. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and spells, and also covers advocacy.
- Synonym吟詠ぎんえいWrittenWritten/formal prose: chanting poetry aloud, and also composing poems. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and voicing claims.
- Synonym吟ずるぎんずるWrittenWritten/formal prose: an alternative form of 「吟じる」. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and spells and on advocating.
- Synonym朗唱ろうしょうWrittenWritten/formal prose: reciting aloud in a raised voice. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and voicing claims.
- Synonym吟唱ぎんしょうWrittenWritten/formal prose: chanting or reciting poetry. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and spells and on advocacy.
- Related歌ううたうNeutralNeutral and much broader: for singing songs. Use 「唱える」 for reciting sutras or spells and for voicing a claim, as in 「念仏を唱える」「異議を唱える」.
- Related歌唱かしょうWrittenWritten/formal prose: singing, as in 「歌唱力」. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras; it is not used for singing.
- Related謡ううたうNeutralNeutral but narrow: chanting the text of a noh play. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and spells and on advocacy.
- Antonym否定するNeutralNeutral antonym: where 「唱える」 puts a claim forward, this denies or negates it.
- Antonym反対するNeutralNeutral antonym: where 「唱える」 advocates a position, this opposes it.
Use 「唱える」 for reciting sutras or spells, as in 「念仏を唱える」, and for advocating, as in 「異議を唱える」. For singing songs pick 「歌う」; for reciting poetry pick 「吟じる」 or 「吟詠」; the other written terms are narrower recitation words. The antonyms are 「反対する」 and 「否定する」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


