唱える|となえるtonaeru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. ichidan verb, transitive verbto recite; to chant
  2. ichidan verb, transitive verbto cry; to yell; to shout
  3. ichidan verb, transitive verbto advocate; to advance; to preach; to insist
    彼かれは減税げんぜいを唱となえた。↗
    He advocated reduction of taxes.
Conjugation
Dictionary form唱える(となえる)
Polite (masu)唱えます(となえます)
Negative (nai)唱えない(となえない)
polite (masen)唱えません(となえません)
classical zu / nu唱えず・唱えぬ(となえず・となえぬ)
Past (ta)唱えた(となえた)
polite (mashita)唱えました(となえました)
Past negative (nakatta)唱えなかった(となえなかった)
polite (masen deshita)唱えませんでした(となえませんでした)
Te form唱えて(となえて)
Potential唱えられる(となえられる)
Passive唱えられる(となえられる)
Causative唱えさせる(となえさせる)
Causative passive唱えさせられる(となえさせられる)
Conditional (ba)唱えれば(となえれば)
tara唱えたら(となえたら)
Volitional唱えよう(となえよう)
polite (mashou)唱えましょう(となえましょう)
Imperative唱えろ(となえろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym誦するしょうするWrittenWritten/formal prose: recites poems, texts and sutras aloud. Unlike 「唱える」, it does not cover putting forward a claim.
  • Synonym吟じるぎんじるWrittenWritten/formal prose: recites Chinese poems and waka. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and spells, and also covers advocacy.
  • Synonym吟詠ぎんえいWrittenWritten/formal prose: chanting poetry aloud, and also composing poems. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and voicing claims.
  • Synonym吟ずるぎんずるWrittenWritten/formal prose: an alternative form of 「吟じる」. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and spells and on advocating.
  • Synonym朗唱ろうしょうWrittenWritten/formal prose: reciting aloud in a raised voice. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and voicing claims.
  • Synonym吟唱ぎんしょうWrittenWritten/formal prose: chanting or reciting poetry. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and spells and on advocacy.
  • Related歌ううたうNeutralNeutral and much broader: for singing songs. Use 「唱える」 for reciting sutras or spells and for voicing a claim, as in 「念仏を唱える」「異議を唱える」.
  • Related歌唱かしょうWrittenWritten/formal prose: singing, as in 「歌唱力」. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras; it is not used for singing.
  • Related謡ううたうNeutralNeutral but narrow: chanting the text of a noh play. 「唱える」 centers on reciting sutras and spells and on advocacy.
  • Antonym否定するNeutralNeutral antonym: where 「唱える」 puts a claim forward, this denies or negates it.
  • Antonym反対するNeutralNeutral antonym: where 「唱える」 advocates a position, this opposes it.

Use 「唱える」 for reciting sutras or spells, as in 「念仏を唱える」, and for advocating, as in 「異議を唱える」. For singing songs pick 「歌う」; for reciting poetry pick 「吟じる」 or 「吟詠」; the other written terms are narrower recitation words. The antonyms are 「反対する」 and 「否定する」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 特定とくていの文句もんくを声こえに出だして言ゆう。
  2. 大声おおごえで叫さけぶ。
  3. 主張しゅちょうなどを人ひとに先立さきだって発表はっぴょうする。提唱ていしょうする。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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