性格|せいかくseikaku[0]heiban (flat)

1. nouncharacter (of a person); personality; disposition; nature
   あいつもアバウトな性格せいかくだよな。↗

   He's not a very meticulous guy.
2. nouncharacteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)

• Synonym性質せいしつNeutralBroader than 「性格」: covers both a person's disposition and the properties of things, as in 「水の性質」.
• Synonym人格じんかくNeutralCharacter in a moral sense, as in 「人格者」「人格形成」; can carry moral judgement, while 「性格」 is about temperament.
• Synonym人柄ひとがらNeutralOne's character as a person, e.g. 「人柄がいい」; mostly used in praise.
• Synonym気質きしつNeutralTemperament; also the shared spirit of a trade or region, as 「職人気質」 (read かたぎ); 「性格」 is about the individual.
• Synonym気性きしょうNeutralOne's temper, e.g. 「気性が激しい」; focuses on how strongly a person reacts emotionally.
• Synonym性分しょうぶんNeutralAn inborn temperament, e.g. 「心配性な性分」; often used in casual self-description.
• SynonymキャラクターNeutralLoanword for a fictional character or a person's individuality, e.g. 「キャラが濃い」; common in speech.
• SynonymパーソナリティーNeutralLoanword for personality; also a radio or TV host, as in 「ラジオのパーソナリティー」.
• Synonym根性こんじょうNeutralGrit and fighting spirit, e.g. 「根性がある」; also a bad streak, e.g. 「根性が悪い」.
• Synonym性せいWrittenWritten style for innate nature, e.g. 「人の性」; mostly in fixed expressions.
• Related個性こせいNeutralWhat makes a person distinctive, e.g. 「個性的」; stresses uniqueness, while 「性格」 stresses temperament.
• Related素質そしつNeutralNatural aptitude or promise, e.g. 「音楽の素質」; about talent rather than temperament.
• Related本性ほんしょうNeutralOne's true nature, e.g. 「本性を現す」; often implies an ugly side coming out.
• Related性根しょうねCasualColloquial for the character at one's core, e.g. 「性根が腐っている」; usually derogatory.
• Related気きNeutralRefers to temperament in set phrases like 「気が短い」「気が強い」.
• Related資質ししつNeutralInnate qualities or ability, e.g. 「指導者の資質」; about calibre rather than temperament.
• Related天性てんせいNeutralWhat one is born with, e.g. 「天性の明るさ」; stresses innateness.
• Related気心きごころNeutralMostly in 「気心が知れる」, the temperament of someone you know well.
• Related心根こころねWrittenWritten style for one's inner nature, e.g. 「心根の優しい人」.
• Related特質とくしつNeutralDistinctive qualities, mostly of things but also of people, e.g. 「性格的特質」.
• Related特色とくしょくNeutralDistinctive features, e.g. 「地域の特色」; mostly for things.
• Related特性とくせいNeutralInherent properties, e.g. 「素材の特性」; mostly for materials and technology.
• Related品性ひんせいNeutralMoral character, e.g. 「品性下劣」; carries a moral judgement.
• Related気立てきだてNeutralOne's disposition as kind or unkind, e.g. 「気立てのいい娘」; usually carries a favourable nuance.
• Related人となりひととなりWrittenWritten style for a person's character and make-up, e.g. 「人となりを知る」.
• RelatedきっぷCasualColloquial word for spirit or mettle, especially shared by a group or region; 「気っ風がいい」 praises someone as open and generous.
• Related性情せいじょうWrittenWritten style for disposition; in everyday speech say 「性格」.
• Related心ばえこころばえWrittenWritten style for one's heart and thoughtfulness; in everyday speech say 「気立て」.
• Antonym無性格NeutralThe opposite of 「性格」: lacking a distinct personality; rarely used.

Default to 「性格」 for a person's temperament. For moral character use 「人柄」 or 「人格」, for temper 「気性」, for what makes someone distinctive 「個性」, for natural talent 「素質」, and for the nature of things 「性質」 or 「特性」; 「性質」 is the broadest, covering people too. 「人となり」「性情」「心根」「心ばえ」 and 「性」 are written style, 「性根」 and 「気っ風」 colloquial, and the loanwords 「キャラクター」 and 「パーソナリティー」 cover individuality and media personalities.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 感情かんじょうや意志いしの傾向けいこう。
2. ある事物じぶつに特有とくゆうの傾向けいこう。