控え・扣え|ひかえhikae[3]odaka (tail-high)

1. nounreserve; spare; backup
2. nounnote; memorandum
3. noun, noun (suffix)duplicate; copy; stub (of a ticket, etc.); receipt
4. nounwaiting one's turn

• Synonym補欠ほけつNeutralRefers to a person filling a vacancy or an alternate, as in 「補欠選手」「補欠合格」; 「控え」 also covers spare items and duplicate copies/stubs.
• Synonym予備よびNeutralThe most common word for a spare person or thing, as in 「予備の電池」; 「控え」 also covers duplicate copies and stubs.
• SynonymサブCasualLoanword for a deputy, substitute or something secondary, as in 「サブリーダー」; colloquial, while 「控え」 is more neutral.
• SynonymリザーブNeutralLoanword stressing reserving or holding something in advance, as in 「席をリザーブする」; 「控え」 stresses keeping something ready for use.
• SynonymメモNeutralLoanword for a note jotted down on the spot, as in 「メモを取る」; the everyday default, while 「控え」 centers on copies kept on file.
• Synonym手控えてびかえWrittenA note kept for later review, also restraint or holding back (the verb is usually 「手控える」); less common than 「控え」.
• Synonym控え選手ひかえせんしゅNeutralSpecifically a substitute player waiting on standby; more specific, while 「控え」 also means spare items and duplicate copies/stubs.
• Related覚書おぼえがきWrittenA memo written to aid memory, also a diplomatic or contractual memorandum; 「控え」 centers on duplicate copies and stubs.
• Related代わりかわりNeutralSomething or someone that replaces the original, not necessarily prepared in advance; 「控え」 stresses being kept ready beforehand.
• Related蓄えたくわえNeutralEmphasizes goods or money accumulated over time, as in 「老後の蓄え」; 「控え」 stresses being kept for use and duplicate copies.
• Related備蓄びちくWrittenStockpiling supplies for emergencies such as disasters, as in 「石油備蓄」; 「控え」 has no emergency-stockpile sense.
• Related替えかえNeutralA spare kept for replacing something, as in 「替えの靴下」; close to the spare sense of 「控え」 but never means a duplicate copy.
• Related身代わりみがわりNeutralSomeone who takes another's place or bears something for them, as in 「身代わりになる」; 「控え」 stresses being kept ready in advance.
• Related控え書きひかえがきWrittenA brief note kept for later reference; rare, while 「控え」 is broader, also covering duplicates, stubs and spares.

Use 「控え」 for people or things kept ready in advance and for duplicate copies or stubs kept on file, as in 「控えの選手」 and 「控えを取る」. For spares in general say 「予備」, for notes say 「メモ」, and for substitutes 「補欠」 also works.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 控ひかえること。
2. 必要ひつように応おうじられるように別べつに用意よういしておくこと。また、その人ひと・物もの。
3. 忘わすれないように、または証拠しょうことして書き留かきとめたもの。また複写ふくしゃしたもの。
4. 建造物けんぞうぶつの支ささえとして入いれる柱はしらや壁かべ。
5. 「ひかえる」の未然みぜん・連用形れんようけい。