予備・預備|よびyobi[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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- no-adjectivereserve; spare
- no-adjectivepreparation; preliminaries
- SynonymリザーブNeutralLoanword for reserving or holding something back, as in 「リザーブ席」; 「予備」 is about things or people kept on hand for when they are needed.
- Synonym控えひかえNeutralA substitute or backup, also a copy or stub; 「予備」 stresses preparing against a shortage or shortfall.
- Related備蓄びちくNeutralStockpiling supplies for emergencies, as in 「石油備蓄」; 「予備」 broadly covers spare things, people, or acts.
- Antonym本番ほんばんNeutralThe real performance or actual event; an opposite only in the contrast between preparation and going live.
- Antonym本式ほんしきNeutralThe proper, full formal way with nothing left out; not a strict antonym — it contrasts the formal with the simplified.
Use 「予備」 for things or people kept ready for when needed, as in 「予備の電池」. For substitutes and copies pick 「控え」, for emergency stockpiles 「備蓄」, for reservations 「リザーブ」; 「本番」 and 「本式」 mark the actual or formal side.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


