混同|こんどうkondou[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbconfusion; mixing; merger
    欲望よくぼうを愛あいと混同こんどうするな。↗
    Don't confuse desire with love.
Conjugation
Dictionary form混同する(こんどうする)
Polite (masu)混同します(こんどうします)
Negative (nai)混同しない(こんどうしない)
polite (masen)混同しません(こんどうしません)
classical zu / nu混同せず・混同せぬ(こんどうせず・こんどうせぬ)
Past (ta)混同した(こんどうした)
polite (mashita)混同しました(こんどうしました)
Past negative (nakatta)混同しなかった(こんどうしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)混同しませんでした(こんどうしませんでした)
Te form混同して(こんどうして)
Potential混同できる(こんどうできる)
Passive混同される(こんどうされる)
Causative混同させる(こんどうさせる)
Causative passive混同させられる(こんどうさせられる)
Conditional (ba)混同すれば(こんどうすれば)
tara混同したら(こんどうしたら)
Volitional混同しよう(こんどうしよう)
polite (mashou)混同しましょう(こんどうしましょう)
Imperative混同しろ(こんどうしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym混交こんこうWrittenWritten term for things of different kinds jumbling together or being mixed in. 「混同」 is about failing to keep apart things that should be distinguished.
  • Related混合こんごうNeutralBlending different things together, as in 「混合物」 or 「男女混合」. 「混同」 is not physical mixing but wrongly treating things that should be kept distinct as one.
  • Related混在こんざいNeutralDifferent things coexisting or lying mixed in one place. 「混同」 is about confusing things that should be told apart, not about things simply coexisting.
  • Related混ぜるまぜるNeutralTransitive verb for stirring or blending things together. 「混同」 means wrongly treating things that should be distinguished as one and the same.
  • Related混成こんせいNeutralForming one unit by combining different kinds, as in a mixed team or chorus. 「混同」 is about mixing up two things that should be told apart.
  • Related入り混じるいりまじるNeutralVarious things mingling in together, as in 「期待と不安が入り混じる」. 「混同」 is conflating things that should be kept apart.
  • Related混じるまじるNeutralIntransitive: something gets mixed in, as in 「白髪が混じる」. 「混同」 is treating things that should be distinguished as if they were the same.
  • Related交えるまじえるNeutralMixing something in or exchanging words, as in 「冗談を交えて」. 「混同」 is about confusing things, not about adding one thing to another.
  • RelatedブレンドNeutralLoanword for blending, as in 「ブレンドコーヒー」. 「混同」 is mixing things up in the sense of confusing them.
  • Related混ぜ合わすまぜあわすNeutralMixing or blending things together; used less often. 「混同」 is wrongly treating things that should be distinguished as one.
  • RelatedミックスNeutralLoanword for mixing, also mixing audio tracks, as in 「ミックスジュース」. 「混同」 is wrongly treating things that should be distinguished as one.
  • Related交錯こうさくNeutralThings crisscrossing and interweaving, as in 「期待と不安が交錯」. 「混同」 is about confusing things, not about elements intertwining.
  • Related配合はいごうNeutralCombining or arranging things in set proportions, as in 「色の配合」. 「混同」 is conflating things that should be kept apart.
  • Related混ざるまざるNeutralIntransitive: things blend into one, as in 「水と油は混ざらない」. 「混同」 is treating things that should be distinguished as if they were the same.
  • Related混じり合うまじりあうNeutralSeveral things blending and mingling into each other. 「混同」 is about confusing things that should be kept distinct, not about actual mingling.
  • Related混和こんわWrittenWritten word for mixing and blending; rare. 「混同」 is about failing to distinguish things and treating them as one.
  • Related取り混ぜるとりまぜるNeutralPutting different things together in a mix, as in 「大小取り混ぜて」. 「混同」 is about confusing things that should be told apart.
  • Related混ぜ合わせるまぜあわせるNeutralBlending several things evenly together. 「混同」 involves no actual mixing; it means treating things that should be distinguished as the same.
  • RelatedちゃんぽんCasualColloquial for jumbling different things together, such as mixing different drinks. 「混同」 is conflating things that should be kept apart.
  • Related交雑こうざつWrittenWritten word for crossbreeding between different strains or varieties. 「混同」 is wrongly treating things that should be distinguished as one.
  • Related混ざり合うまざりあうNeutralThings mixing into each other until they can no longer be told apart. 「混同」 is treating things that should be distinguished as one and the same.
  • Antonym区別くべつNeutralAntonym on the distinguishing-versus-confusing axis: 「区別」 means telling things apart, the opposite of 「混同」.
  • Antonym弁別べんべつWrittenWritten word for telling things apart by their differences; the opposite of 「混同」 on the distinguishing-versus-confusing axis.

「混同」 is for wrongly treating things that should be kept distinct as one, as in 「公私混同」. For actually mixing things together use 「混合」; for different things coexisting mixed in one place, 「混在」; for stirring, 「混ぜる」; for interweaving, 「交錯」. The antonyms are 「区別」 and 「弁別」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 異ことなる物ものや合あわせられない物ものを、合あわせて扱あつかうこと。
  2. 異ことなる物ものを同一どういつの物ものとして誤あやまること。
  3. 相あい対立たいりつする二ふたつの地位ちいが同どう一人ひとりに帰かえし権利けんり関係かんけいが消滅しょうめつすること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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