経過|けいかkeika[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbpassage (of time); elapsing; lapse
    それ以来いらい3年ねんが経過けいかした。↗
    Three years have passed since then.
  2. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbprogress; development; course (of events)
    プロジェクトの経過けいかは下記かきの通とおりです。↗
    The status of the project is as follows.
  3. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, intransitive verb, astronomytransit
Conjugation
Dictionary form経過する(けいかする)
Polite (masu)経過します(けいかします)
Negative (nai)経過しない(けいかしない)
polite (masen)経過しません(けいかしません)
classical zu / nu経過せず・経過せぬ(けいかせず・けいかせぬ)
Past (ta)経過した(けいかした)
polite (mashita)経過しました(けいかしました)
Past negative (nakatta)経過しなかった(けいかしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)経過しませんでした(けいかしませんでした)
Te form経過して(けいかして)
Potential経過できる(けいかできる)
Passive経過される(けいかされる)
Causative経過させる(けいかさせる)
Causative passive経過させられる(けいかさせられる)
Conditional (ba)経過すれば(けいかすれば)
tara経過したら(けいかしたら)
Volitional経過しよう(けいかしよう)
polite (mashou)経過しましょう(けいかしましょう)
Imperative経過しろ(けいかしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • SynonymすぎるNeutralNative verb for time passing or going past a point, as in 「時が過ぎる」; also covers excess, as in 「食べ過ぎる」. A plain spoken word, very common in everyday use.
  • Synonym経るへるWrittenA written-leaning verb for passing through time or undergoing a step, as in 「年月を経る」「審査を経る」.
  • Synonym経つたつNeutralUsed only of time passing, as in 「3年経つ」; the everyday spoken counterpart to 「経過」.
  • SynonymプロセスNeutralLoanword for a process or workflow, as in 「製造プロセス」; frequent in business and technical contexts.
  • Synonym過ぎ去るすぎさるWrittenPassing by or vanishing into the past, as in 「過ぎ去った日々」; often tinged with wistfulness or regret.
  • Synonym過程かていWrittenNoun for the course something takes as it changes, as in 「成長の過程」; stresses the stages along the way rather than time simply passing.
  • Related運びはこびWrittenRefers to how something is progressing or being arranged, as in 「実施の運びとなる」; typical of formal notices and announcements.
  • Related過ぎ行くすぎゆくWrittenWritten, literary word for time or things slipping away, as in 「過ぎ行く季節」; has a poetic flavor.
  • RelatedよぎるNeutralNative verb for time passing or going past a point, as in 「時が過ぎる」; also covers excess, as in 「食べ過ぎる」. A plain spoken word, very common in everyday use.

Use 「経過」 for time passing or how things progress, as in 「術後の経過」「時間が経過する」. In speech prefer 「経つ」 or 「過ぎる」. For stages along the way say 「過程」, for a workflow 「プロセス」. 「経る」 is written; 「運び」 suits formal notices; 「過ぎ行く」「過ぎ去る」 are literary.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 時間じかん・年ねん月がつが過すぎていくこと。
  2. 物事ものごとの状態じょうたいが変かわってゆくこと。その時々ときどきの進行しんこうの具合ぐあい。推移すいい。
  3. 過渡的かとてきであること。
  4. 通り過とおりすぎること。
  5. 天体てんたいが子午線しごせんを通過つうかすること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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