貧困|ひんこんhinkon[0]heiban (flat)

1. na-adjective, no-adjectivepoverty; penury; need; destitution
   人々ひとびとは貧困ひんこんに苦くるしんだ。↗

   People were ground down by poverty.
2. na-adjective, no-adjectiveshortage; lack; want

• Synonym貧乏びんぼうNeutralEveryday word for being poor as an individual, as in 「貧乏暮らし」; common in speech, while 「貧困」 is more formal and often frames poverty as a social problem.
• Synonym困窮こんきゅうWrittenWritten word for being hard up or stuck with no way out; 「貧困」 takes the broader, social view of poverty.
• Synonym窮乏きゅうぼうWrittenWritten word for severe material want and destitution; rarer than 「貧困」, which is the usual choice.
• Synonym貧しいまずしいNeutralAdjective for being poor, also for scanty or meager amounts; 「貧困」 is a noun that leans toward poverty as a social issue.
• Synonym貧ひんWrittenWritten element used mostly in compounds like 「貧富」 and 「貧血」; rarely stands alone.
• Related乏しいとぼしいNeutralAdjective for lacking or running short, as in 「経験に乏しい」; 「貧困」 too can describe figurative poverty, such as a poverty of ideas.
• Related極貧ごくひんWrittenWritten word for extreme, destitute poverty; a heavier degree than 「貧困」.
• Related貧窮ひんきゅうWrittenWritten word for extreme poverty or destitution; much rarer than 「貧困」.
• RelatedすかんぴんCasualColloquial, jocular word for being penniless, with nothing to your name; 「貧困」 is the formal term.
• Related金欠きんけつCasualColloquial, half-joking word for being temporarily short of money; 「貧困」 means hardship in life and, by extension, an acute lack of something.
• Related赤貧せきひんWrittenWritten word for utter destitution, having nothing at all; 「貧困」 is the more common term.
• Related貧寒ひんかんWrittenWritten word for a poor, hard-pressed life; in everyday speech people say 「貧しい」.
• Related貧苦ひんくWrittenWritten word for the hardships of poverty, as in 「貧苦にあえぐ」; 「貧困」 is more common.
• RelatedしがないCasualColloquial word for humble and insignificant, as in 「しがないサラリーマン」; 「貧困」 is about poverty itself.
• Antonym富裕ふゆうWrittenWritten-style antonym on the rich–poor axis: wealthy and affluent.
• Antonym豊かゆたかNeutralNeutral antonym on the rich–poor axis: abundant, ample, well-off.

Use 「貧困」 for poverty as a social problem or of a household, as in 「貧困層」「貧困な家庭」; it also covers figurative lack. For an individual's poverty in everyday speech, say 「貧乏」 or 「貧しい」. Temporarily short of cash: 「金欠」. Extreme poverty: 「極貧」 or 「赤貧」. The written 「困窮」「窮乏」「貧窮」「貧寒」「貧苦」 are rarer literary choices; 「素寒貧」 is a jocular colloquialism. Antonyms: 「富裕」, 「豊か」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 貧乏びんぼうで生活せいかつに困こまっていること。
2. 大事だいじなものが乏とぼしいこと。不十分ふじゅうぶんで低劣ていれつなこと。