違反|いはんihan[0]heiban (flat)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbviolation; offense; offence; breach; transgression; infringement; contravention
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 違反する（いはんする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 違反します（いはんします） |
| Negative (nai) | 違反しない（いはんしない） |
| polite (masen) | 違反しません（いはんしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 違反せず・違反せぬ（いはんせず・いはんせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 違反した（いはんした） |
| polite (mashita) | 違反しました（いはんしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 違反しなかった（いはんしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 違反しませんでした（いはんしませんでした） |
| Te form | 違反して（いはんして） |
| Potential | 違反できる（いはんできる） |
| Passive | 違反される（いはんされる） |
| Causative | 違反させる（いはんさせる） |
| Causative passive | 違反させられる（いはんさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 違反すれば（いはんすれば） |
| tara | 違反したら（いはんしたら） |
| Volitional | 違反しよう（いはんしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 違反しましょう（いはんしましょう） |
| Imperative | 違反しろ（いはんしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym反則はんそくNeutralNeutral. Breaking rules, chiefly fouls in sports like 「反則負け」; also traffic violations. Colloquially, can describe something as so good it's a foul.
- Synonym犯すおかすNeutralNeutral verb. To commit a crime, make a mistake, or break a rule, as in 「罪を犯す」; stresses that a bad act was done.
- Synonym違背いはいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Means going against orders or laws; less common than 「違反」 and stiffer in tone — same meaning, more bookish.
- Synonym違犯いはんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Same reading as 「違反」 but means breaking the law in a way that constitutes a crime — graver than 「違反」.
- Synonym干犯かんぱんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Infringing on someone's authority, as in 「統帥権干犯」; carries a historical flavor and is rare in modern use.
- Related背くそむくWrittenWritten/formal prose. A verb for defying orders or rules, or betraying, as in 「命令に背く」; heavier subjective attitude than 「違反」.
- Related楯突くたてつくCasualColloquial. To talk back to a superior or defy an order, as in 「上司に楯突く」; stresses a strong, defiant attitude.
- Related破るやぶるNeutralNeutral. To break a rule or promise, as in 「約束を破る」; more colloquial than 「違反」, and also means to tear or to defeat.
- Related反するはんするWrittenWritten/formal prose. To be contrary to or violate, as in 「規則に反する」; also expresses contrast, being the opposite of something.
- Related反抗はんこうNeutralNeutral. To resist authority, as in 「親に反抗する」; about attitude rather than breaking a specific rule.
- Related逆らうさからうNeutralNeutral. To go against or disobey, as in 「流れに逆らう」「親に逆らう」; about attitude rather than rules.
- Related歯向かうはむかうCasualColloquial. To rise up against someone stronger, as in 「強者に歯向かう」; not directly about breaking rules.
- Related侵害しんがいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Infringing on others' rights or interests, as in 「人権侵害」; stresses the harm caused.
- Related手向かうてむかうNeutralNeutral. To resist someone's power or defy an order; uncommon, and about confrontation rather than breaking rules.
- Related背反行為はいはんこういWrittenWritten/formal prose. An act of defying orders or agreements, mostly legal; covers breach of contract and betrayal.
- Related抗するこうするWrittenWritten/formal prose. To resist or oppose, as in 「権力に抗する」; does not refer to breaking rules.
- Antonym遵守じゅんしゅNeutralAntonym. Observing laws and rules, as in 「法令を遵守する」 — the opposite of 「違反」.
Default to 「違反」 for breaking rules or regulations. Use 「違犯」 when the act constitutes a crime, 「反則」 for fouls in matches, 「破る」 for broken promises, and 「侵害」 for harm to rights; the antonym is 「遵守」. For defying people or authority, choose 「背く」「逆らう」「反抗」, or colloquially 「楯突く」「歯向かう」; 「犯す」 is the verb for committing a bad act. 「違背」「干犯」「抗する」「背反行為」 are rare written words.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
